II. Definitions
III. Physiology: Cell Cycle
- Interphase
- General
- Interval between cell divisions (includes G1, G0 and G2 Phases, as well as S Phase)
- Cell readies for Mitosis during Interphase, performing DNA Replication (S Phase)
- Chromosomes cannot be individually recognized during Interphase
- G1 Phase (Gap 1)
- Preparation for DNA synthesis (S-Phase) and Mitosis (M-Phase)
- Cells grow larger with increased cytoplasm, and organelles are duplicated
- Regulated by the availability of nutrients and growth factors, and suppressed by inhibitors
- Composed of 4 subphases
- Competence (response to growth factors)
- Entry (G1a)
- Progression (G1b)
- Assembly (G1c)
- G0 Phase (Gap 0)
- Following G1 phase, cells may further differentiate and not divide
- Cells may remain in G0 Phase for long periods of time
- Synthesis Phase (S-Phase)
- See DNA Replication
- Preparation for Mitosis and cell division
- Entire nuclear DNA content is replicated
- Centrioles (microtubule organizing structure) are duplicated
- G2 Phase (Gap 2)
- Gap following DNA synthesis (S-Phase) and preceding Mitosis (M-Phase)
- Chromosomes are tetraploid in G2 phase (four of each of 23 Chromosomes)
- Humans are otherwise diploid (pairs of Chromosomes known as 2N, totaling 46)
- General
- Mitosis (M-Phase)
- General
- Cell Cycle phase in which nuclear division occurs
- Mitosis is in turn composed of 4 phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
- Phase 1: Prophase
- Chromosomes condense into individually differentiated structures
- Centrioles migrate toward the cellular poles
- Phase 2: Metaphase
- Chromosomes line up across the equatorial plane of the spindle, before separation
- Phase 3: Anaphase
- Chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle
- Phase 4: Telophase
- Chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell
- Also marks the start of cytoplasm division
- General
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| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The third phase of mitosis during which the two groups of daughter chromosomes separate and move along the fibers of the central spindle, each toward one of the asters, forming the diaster. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| English | mitotic anaphase, Anaphase, Mitotic Anaphase |
Ontology: Cell Cycle (C0007586)
| Definition (GO) | The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI_KEGG) | Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. |
| Definition (MSH) | The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE. |
| Definition (CSP) | changes that take place in a cell during the period between its formation as one of the products of cell division and its own subsequent division. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D002453 |
| English | Cell Cycles, Cycle, Cell, Cycles, Cell, cell-division cycle, cell division cycle, cell cycle, cycle cell, cell cycle division, cells cycle, Cell cycle, Cell Division Cycles, Cycle, Cell Division, Cycles, Cell Division, Division Cycles, Cell, Cell Division Cycle, Division Cycle, Cell, Cell Cycle Pathway, Cell Cycle |
| Swedish | Cellcykel |
| Czech | buněčný cyklus |
| Finnish | Solukierto |
| French | Cycle de division cellulaire, Cycle cellulaire |
| Russian | TSITOKINETIKA, KLETOCHNYI TSIKL, КЛЕТОЧНЫЙ ЦИКЛ, ЦИТОКИНЕТИКА |
| Italian | Ciclo di divisione cellulare, Ciclo cellulare |
| Croatian | STANIČNI CIKLUS |
| Polish | Cykl komórkowy |
| Japanese | 細胞サイクル, 細胞周期, 細胞分裂周期 |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Cell Cycle] |
| German | Zellzyklus |
| Dutch | Celcyclus, Cyclus, cel- |
| Portuguese | Ciclo Celular |
| Spanish | Ciclo Celular |
Ontology: Interphase (C0021798)
| Definition (MSH) | The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs). |
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The interval between two successive cell divisions during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable. Interphase is considered the resting stage of the cell. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D007399 |
| SnomedCT | 5741007 |
| LNC | LA14024-6 |
| English | Interphase, Interphases, karyostasis, Interphase, function, interphase, Interphase Process, Interphase, function (observable entity), Interphase (function) |
| Swedish | Interfas |
| Czech | interfáze |
| Finnish | Interfaasi |
| Russian | G FAZA, G PERIODY, FAZA POKOIA, INTERFAZA, G ПЕРИОДЫ, G ФАЗА, ИНТЕРФАЗА, ФАЗА ПОКОЯ |
| Polish | Interfaza |
| Spanish | interfase (entidad observable), interfase (función), interfase, Interfase |
| French | Interphase |
| German | Interphase, Ruhephase |
| Italian | Interfase |
| Dutch | Interfase |
| Portuguese | Interfase |
Ontology: Mitotic Metaphase (C0025564)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The second phase of mitosis, in which the chromosomes line up across the equatorial plane of the spindle prior to separation. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| English | mitotic metaphase, metaphase, Metaphase, Metaphase Process, Mitotic Metaphase |
Ontology: Mitosis (C0026255)
| Definition (GO) | A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:ma, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] |
| Definition (GO) | A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The last cell cycle stage during which the replicated daughter chromosomes separate in to separate nuclei; cytokinesis then occurs to produce separate daughter cells. It is divided into Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells. Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell. This process allows the body to grow and replace cells. |
| Definition (NCI) | The usual process of somatic reproduction of cells consisting of a sequence of modifications of the nucleus that result in the formation of two daughter cells with exactly the same chromosome and DNA content as that of the original cell. It is the process by which the body grows and replaces cells and is divided into four phases. In Prophase, paired chromosomes form, nuclear membrane disappears, the achromatic spindle appears, and polar bodies form. In Metaphase, chromosomes are arranged in the equatorial plane of the central spindle to form the monaster and chromosomes separate into exactly similar halves. In Anaphase, the two groups of daughter chromosomes separate and move along the fibers of the central spindle, each toward one of the asters, forming the diaster. In Telophase, the daughter chromosomes resolve themselves into a reticulum, the daughter nuclei are formed, and the cytoplasm divides forming two complete daughter cells. |
| Definition (MSH) | A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D008938 |
| SnomedCT | 7041004 |
| English | Mitoses, M-phase, M phase, Mitosis, function, M phase (cell cycle), karyokinesis, mitoses, mitosis, M Phase, M Phase Process, Mitotic Process, mitotic cycle, Mitosis, function (observable entity), Mitosis (function), Mitosis, M Stage, Mitosis Stage |
| Swedish | Mitos |
| Czech | mitóza |
| Finnish | Mitoosi |
| Russian | MITOZ, M PERIOD, M ПЕРИОД, МИТОЗ |
| Japanese | M相-有糸分裂, 有糸分裂, M期-有糸分裂, 有糸核分裂, 間接分裂 |
| Polish | Mitoza |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Mitosis] |
| Spanish | FASE M MITÓTICA, mitosis (entidad observable), mitosis (función), mitosis, Mitosis |
| Portuguese | FASE M MITÓTICA, Mitose |
| French | Mitose |
| German | Mitose |
| Italian | Mitosi |
| Dutch | Mitose |
Ontology: Prophase (C0033464)
| Definition (MSH) | The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles. |
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D011418 |
| SnomedCT | 51533001 |
| English | Prophases, Prophase, function, prophase, Prophase, function (observable entity), Prophase (function), Prophase |
| Swedish | Profas |
| Czech | profáze |
| Finnish | Profaasi |
| Russian | PROFAZA, ПРОФАЗА |
| Polish | Profaza |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Prophase] |
| Spanish | profase (entidad observable), profase (función), profase, Profase |
| French | Prophase |
| German | Prophase |
| Italian | Profase |
| Dutch | Profase |
| Portuguese | Prófase |
Ontology: telophase (C0039465)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (MSH) | The final phase of cell nucleus division following ANAPHASE, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the CYTOPLASM completes division, and the CHROMOSOMES lose their distinctness and are transformed into CHROMATIN threads. |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D013692 |
| SnomedCT | 4186006 |
| English | Telophase, Telophases, Telophase, function, Telophase, function (observable entity), Telophase (function), telophase |
| Swedish | Telofas |
| Czech | telofáze |
| Finnish | Telofaasi |
| Russian | TELOFAZA, ТЕЛОФАЗА |
| Polish | Telofaza |
| Norwegian | Telofase |
| Spanish | telofase (entidad observable), telofase (función), telofase, Telofase |
| French | Télophase |
| German | Telophase |
| Italian | Telofase |
| Dutch | Telofase |
| Portuguese | Telófase |
Ontology: G0 Phase (C0079394)
| Definition (MSH) | A quiescent state of cells during G1 PHASE. |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D016192 |
| English | G0 Phase, G0 Phases, Phase, G0, Phases, G0, G A 00 PHASE, G0 state, G0 phase |
| Swedish | G0-fas |
| Czech | G0 fáze |
| Finnish | G0-faasi |
| Russian | G0 FAZA, FAZA G0, G0 ФАЗА, ФАЗА G0 |
| German | G A 00 PHASE, G0-Phase |
| Polish | Faza G0 |
| French | Phase G0 |
| Italian | Fase G0 |
| Dutch | Fase, G0-, G0-fase |
| Portuguese | Fase G0 |
| Spanish | Fase G0 |
Ontology: G1 Phase (C0079395)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | Phase of the cell cycle preceding DNA synthesis (Gap 1 phase). The subphases of G1 include competence, entry (G1a), progression (G1b), and assembly (G1c), based on the effects of limiting growth factors, nutrients, or inhibitors. |
| Definition (MSH) | The period of the CELL CYCLE preceding DNA REPLICATION in S PHASE. Subphases of G1 include "competence" (to respond to growth factors), G1a (entry into G1), G1b (progression), and G1c (assembly). Progression through the G1 subphases is effected by limiting growth factors, nutrients, or inhibitors. |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D016193 |
| English | G1 Phases, Phase, G1, Phases, G1, G1 phase, G A 01 PHASE, G1 period, G1 Phase Process, First Gap Phases, First Gap Phase, Gap Phase 1, Gap Phase, First, Gap Phases, First, Phase 1, Gap, Phase, First Gap, Phases, First Gap, 1, Gap Phase, G1, Gap 1 Phase, G1 Phase |
| Swedish | G1-fas |
| Czech | G1 fáze |
| Finnish | G1-faasi |
| French | Phase gap 1, Phase G1 |
| Russian | G1 FAZA, FAZA G1, G1 ФАЗА, ФАЗА G1 |
| Japanese | G1期, 細胞周期G1期 |
| Italian | Prima fase gap, Fase gap 1, Fase G1 |
| German | G A 01 PHASE, G1-Phase |
| Polish | Faza G1 |
| Dutch | Fase, G1-, G1-fase |
| Portuguese | Fase G1 |
| Spanish | Fase G1 |
Ontology: G2 Phase (C0079396)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | Phase of the cell cycle following DNA synthesis and preceding mitosis (Gap 2 phase). The chromosomes are tetraploid in this phase. |
| Definition (MSH) | The period of the CELL CYCLE following DNA synthesis (S PHASE) and preceding M PHASE (cell division phase). The CHROMOSOMES are tetraploid in this point. |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D016195 |
| English | G2 Phases, Phase, G2, Phases, G2, G2 phase, G A 02 PHASE, G2 period, G2 Phase Process, mitotic G2 phase, G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle, Gap Phase 2, Gap Phase, Second, Gap Phases, Second, 2, Gap Phase, Phase 2, Gap, Phase, Second Gap, Phases, Second Gap, Second Gap Phases, Second Gap Phase, G2, Gap 2 Phase, G2 Phase |
| Swedish | G2-fas |
| Czech | G2 fáze |
| Finnish | G2-faasi |
| French | Phase gap 2, Phase G2 |
| Russian | FAZA G2, G2 FAZA, G2 ФАЗА, ФАЗА G2 |
| Japanese | G2期, 細胞周期G2期 |
| Italian | Fase gap 2, Seconda fase gap, Fase G2 |
| German | G A 02 PHASE, G2-Phase |
| Polish | Faza G2 |
| Dutch | Fase, G2-, G2-fase |
| Portuguese | Fase G2 |
| Spanish | Fase G2 |
Ontology: S Phase (C0080129)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | Phase of the cell cycle following G1 and preceding G2 when the entire DNA content of the nucleus is replicated (Synthesis phase). It is achieved by bidirectional replication at multiple sites along each chromosome. |
| Definition (MSH) | Phase of the CELL CYCLE following G1 and preceding G2 when the entire DNA content of the nucleus is replicated. It is achieved by bidirectional replication at multiple sites along each chromosome. |
| Concepts | Temporal Concept (T079) |
| MSH | D016196 |
| English | Period, S, Periods, S, Phase, S, Phases, S, S Period, S Periods, S Phase, S Phases, S phase, S phase (cell cycle), s phase, S Phase Process, S-phase, Synthesis Period, Synthesis Phase |
| Swedish | S-fas |
| Czech | S fáze |
| Finnish | S-vaihe |
| French | Phase de synthèse de l'ADN, Phase S du cycle cellulaire, Phase de réplication de l'ADN, Phase S |
| Russian | FAZA PROMEZHUTOCHNAIA, S PERIOD, S FAZA, S ПЕРИОД, S ФАЗА, ФАЗА ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНАЯ |
| Japanese | S期, S相 |
| Italian | Periodo S, Fase S |
| Polish | Faza S |
| German | S-Phase |
| Dutch | Fase, S-, S-fase |
| Portuguese | Fase S |
| Spanish | Fase S |
Ontology: Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (C0243045)
| Definition (NCI) | Cyclin-dependent kinases are eukaryotic, phosphoregulated protein kinases that associate with cyclins to control cell cycle progression. |
| Definition (CSP) | nonEC. |
| Definition (MSH) | Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Enzyme (T126) |
| MSH | D018844 |
| English | Cyclin Dependent Kinases, Cyclin Dependent Protein Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases, cdk Proteins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases [Chemical/Ingredient], cyclin dependent kinase, cyclin dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK, Cyclin-dependent kinases, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Cyclin Dependent Kinase, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase |
| Swedish | Cyklinberoende kinaser |
| Czech | cdk proteiny, cyklin-dependentní kinasy, kinasy závislé na cyklinu |
| Finnish | Cdk |
| Russian | TSIKLIN-ZAVISIMYE KINAZY, CDK BELKI, CDK БЕЛКИ, ЦИКЛИН-ЗАВИСИМЫЕ КИНАЗЫ |
| French | Protéine-kinases dépendantes des cyclines, Kinases dépendantes de la cycline, Protéine-kinases dépendantes de la cycline, Protéines kinases dépendantes de la cycline, Kinases dépendantes des cyclines, Cyclin-dependent kinases, Kinases cycline-dépendantes, Protéines CDK |
| Italian | Chinasi ciclino dipendenti, Proteinchinasi ciclina dipendenti, Proteinchinasi ciclino dipendenti, Proteina cinasi ciclina-dipendente, Cinasi ciclina-dipendenti, Proteine CDK, Chinasi ciclina dipendenti, Chinasi ciclino-dipendenti |
| Polish | Kinazy cyklinozależne |
| Croatian | KINAZE OVISNE O CIKLINU, CDK PROTEINI |
| Japanese | サイクリン依存性キナーゼ, cdkタンパク質, cdk蛋白質 |
| Portuguese | Quinases Dependentes de Ciclina, Proteínas cdk, Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes |
| German | Cdk-Proteine, Cyclin-abhängige Kinasen |
| Spanish | Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes, Proteínas cdk |
Ontology: Mitotic Prophase (C1155732)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The first phase of mitosis, in which the chromosomes become visible, the nucleus starts to lose its identity, the spindle appears, and the centrioles migrate toward opposite poles. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| English | mitotic prophase, Prophase, Prophase Process, Mitotic Prophase |
Ontology: Mitotic Telophase (C1155740)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (NCI) | The final phase of cell division, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the cytoplasm divides, and the chromosomes lose their distinctness and are transformed into chromatin networks. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| English | mitotic telophase, Telophase, Mitotic Telophase |
Ontology: M Phase, Mitotic (C1450044)
| Definition (GO) | A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D008938 |
| English | M-phase of mitotic cell cycle, M phase of mitotic cell cycle, mitotic M phase, Mitotic M Phase, M Phase, Mitotic, Mitotic M Phases, Phase, Mitotic M, Phases, Mitotic M, M Phases, Mitotic |
| German | M-Phase, mitotisch, Mitotische M-Phase |
| French | Phase mitotique, Phase M (mitose) |
Ontology: Metaphase (C1621812)
| Definition (MSH) | The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation. |
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D008677 |
| SnomedCT | 74399001 |
| LNC | LA14023-8 |
| English | Metaphases, metaphase, Metaphase, function, Metaphase, function (observable entity), Metaphase (function), Metaphase |
| Swedish | Metafas |
| Czech | metafáze |
| Finnish | Metafaasi |
| Russian | METAFAZA, МЕТАФАЗА |
| Polish | Metafaza |
| Spanish | metafase (entidad observable), metafase (función), metafase, Metafase |
| French | Métaphase |
| German | Metaphase |
| Italian | Metafase |
| Dutch | Metafase |
| Portuguese | Metáfase |
Ontology: Anaphase (C1622911)
| Definition (GO) | The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| Definition (MSH) | The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle. |
| Concepts | Cell Function (T043) |
| MSH | D000705 |
| SnomedCT | 25819003 |
| English | Anaphases, anaphase, Anaphase, function, Anaphase, function (observable entity), Anaphase (function), Anaphase |
| Swedish | Anafas |
| Czech | anafáze |
| Finnish | Anafaasi |
| Russian | ANAFAZA, АНАФАЗА |
| Polish | Anafaza |
| Spanish | anafase (entidad observable), anafase (función), anafase, Anafase |
| French | Anaphase |
| German | Anaphase |
| Italian | Anafase |
| Dutch | Anafase |
| Portuguese | Anáfase |
