Emtricitabine

Aka: Emtricitabine, Emtriva, Truvada, Descovy, 5-Fluorothiocytidine, FTC, Coviracil, Atripla

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II. Indications

  1. HIV Infection (combination therapy)
  2. Chronic Hepatitis B Infection (Coinfected with HIV)

III. Mechanism

  1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
  2. Emtricitabine is 5-Fluorothiocytidine (FTC), a substituted analog of cytosine (similar to Lamivudine)

IV. Precautions

  1. Risk of severe HBV exacerbation on discontinuation
    1. Monitor for at least 2 months after discontinuation

V. Medications

  1. Emtricitabine (Emtriva, Coviracil)
    1. Capsules: 200 mg
    2. Solution: 10 mg/ml
  2. Emtricitabine with Tenofovir
    1. Tenofovir Disopoxil (TDF) and Emtricitabine (Truvada)
    2. Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) and Emtricitabine (Descovy)
  3. Emtricitabine with Tenofovir AND Efavirenz (an NNRTI)
    1. Tenofovir Disopoxil (TDF) and Emtricitabine and Efavirenz (Atripla)

VI. Dosing: HIV Infection

  1. See HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis
  2. Used in combination with other HIV agents (e.g. Tenofovir)
  3. Adult (or child weight >33 kg)
    1. Emtricitabine 200 mg orally daily
  4. Child (weight <33 kg)
    1. Age 0 to 3 months: 3 mg/kg orally daily
    2. Age >3 months: 6 mg/kg (up to 240 mg) orally daily
    3. Weight >33 kg: See Adult dosing

VII. Dosing: Chronic Hepatitis B Coinfection with HIV (not FDA approved)

  1. Emtricitabine 200 mg orally daily AND
  2. Tenofovir
    1. CrCl >=30 ml/min: Tenofovir Alafenamide (Descovy) 25 mg orally daily
    2. CrCl >=60 ml/min: Tenofovir Disopoxil (Truvada) 300 mg orally daily

VIII. Dosing: Renal (Adult)

  1. CrCl 30 to 49 ml/min
    1. Take 200 mg capsule orally every 48 hours (or 120 mg oral solution daily)
  2. CrCl 15 to 29 ml/min
    1. Take 200 mg capsule orally every 72 hours (or 80 mg oral solution daily)
  3. CrCl <15 ml/min or Hemodialysis
    1. Take 200 mg capsule orally every 96 hours (or 60 mg oral solution daily)

IX. Adverse Effects: Emtricitabine alone

  1. See nRTI for adverse effects attributed to the class
  2. Minimal specific adverse effects and well tolerated
  3. Hyperpigmentation of palms and soles
  4. Hepatitis B infection flares on withdrawal of medication

X. Adverse Effects: Emtricitabine with Tenofovir (Truvada, Descovy)

  1. See Tenofovir
  2. Start-up syndrome (Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Flatulence, Headache) which typically resolves after the first month
  3. Hepatitis B Virus flare
    1. Associated with abrupt cessation of Antiretroviral therapy
  4. Acute Renal Failure
    1. Risk when Truvada is combined with multiple dose or high dose NSAIDs
    2. May be less risk with Descovy (uses Tenofovir TAF instead of TDF)

XI. Safety

  1. Avoid in Lactation
  2. Pregnancy Category B
    1. Among preferred NRTI agents in pregnancy
    2. Combination with Tenofovir Disopoxil (Truvada) is also considered safe in pregnancy (preferred combination)

XII. Resources

  1. Emtricitabine (DailyMed)
    1. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d6599395-3944-44f9-97f2-e0424c6b6a1f
  2. Truvada - Emtricitabine AND Tenofovir Disopoxil (DailyMed)
    1. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=54e82b13-a037-49ed-b4b3-030b37c0ecdd
  3. Descovy - Emtricitabine with Tenofovir Alafenamide (DailyMed)
    1. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=06f66e98-e6ee-4538-9506-6c1282cc14c1

XIII. References

  1. (2009) Treat Guidel Med Lett 7(78): 11-22 [PubMed]
  2. (2013) Med Lett Drugs Ther 11(127): 19-30 [PubMed]
  3. Reust (2011) Am Fam Physician 83(12): 1443-51 [PubMed]

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Related Studies

Cost: Medications

emtricitabine (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
EMTRICITABINE-TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE 200-300 MG TAB Generic $0.56 each
truvada (on 7/20/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
TRUVADA 200 MG-300 MG TABLET Generic $0.56 each
descovy (on 1/1/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
DESCOVY 200-25 MG TABLET $66.13 each
FPNotebook does not benefit financially from showing this medication data or their pharmacy links. This information is provided only to help medical providers and their patients see relative costs. Insurance plans negotiate lower medication prices with suppliers. Prices shown here are out of pocket, non-negotiated rates. See Needy Meds for financial assistance information. GoodRx is another tool for finding lower drug prices.

Ontology: emtricitabine (C0909839)

Definition (NCI) A synthetic fluoro derivative of thiacytidine with potent antiviral activity. Emtricitabine is phosphorylated to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate within the cell. This metabolite inhibits the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase both by competing with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and by incorporation into viral DNA causing a termination of DNA chain elongation (due to the lack of the essential 3'-OH group).
Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide (T114)
MSH C122114
SnomedCT 404855005, 404856006
LNC LP35786-0, MTHU018643
English 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-,(2R-cis)-, FTC, emtricitabine, emtricitabine (medication), EMTRICITABINE, emtricitabine [Chemical/Ingredient], beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine, Emtricitabine (product), Emtricitabine (substance), Emtricitabine
Spanish emtricitabina (producto), emtricitabina (sustancia), emtricitabina
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Related Topics in Pharmacology

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