II. Causes: Negative

  1. Normal

III. Causes: Positive (percentage refers to sensitivity)

  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (40%)
    1. Associated with photosensitive skin rash
    2. Associated with pulmonary disease
    3. Associated with Lymphopenia
  2. Sjogren's Syndrome (75%)
  3. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Syndrome
  4. Rheumatoid Arthritis (10%)
  5. Systemic Sclerosis (5%)
  6. Drug Induced Lupus Erythematosus (<5%)
  7. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (<5%)

IV. Associated Conditions

  1. Associated with neonatal complications (Anti-SS-A crosses the placenta)

V. References

  1. Gladman in Klippel (1997) Rheumatic Diseases p. 255-6
  2. Peng in Ruddy (2001) Kelley's Rheumatology, p. 161-72
  3. Callegari (1995) Postgrad Med, 97(4):65-74 [PubMed]
  4. Lane (2002) Am Fam Physician 65(6):1073-80 [PubMed]

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