II. Causes: Negative
- Normal
III. Causes: Positive (percentage refers to sensitivity)
-
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (30-40%)
- Correlates with disease activity
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (10%)
- Sjogren's Syndrome (15%)
- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (95%)
- Systemic Sclerosis (30%)
- Drug Induced Lupus (<5%)
IV. References
- Gladman in Klippel (1997) Rheumatic Diseases p. 255-6
- Peng in Ruddy (2001) Kelley's Rheumatology, p. 161-72
- Callegari (1995) Postgrad Med, 97(4):65-74 [PubMed]
- Lane (2002) Am Fam Physician 65(6):1073-80 [PubMed]