II. Indication

  1. Highly specific for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

III. Causes: Negative

  1. Normal

IV. Causes: Positive (percentage refers to Test Sensitivity)

  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    1. Associated with Lupus Nephritis
    2. Associated with Lupus CNS Involvement
    3. May correlate with disease activity in some patients (esp. Lupus Nephritis)
    4. Test Sensitivity for SLE: 70%
    5. Test Specificity for SLE: 95%
  2. Sjogren's Syndrome (5%)
  3. Rheumatoid Arthritis (<5%)
  4. Chronic active hepatitis
  5. Biliary Cirrhosis
  6. Epstein Barr Virus
  7. Cytomegalovirus

V. References

  1. Gladman in Klippel (1997) Rheumatic Diseases p. 255-6
  2. Peng in Ruddy (2001) Kelley's Rheumatology, p. 161-72
  3. Ali (2018) Am Fam Physician 98(3): 164-70 [PubMed]
  4. Callegari (1995) Postgrad Med, 97(4):65-74 [PubMed]
  5. Lane (2002) Am Fam Physician 65(6):1073-80 [PubMed]

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