II. Indications
- Home Asthma Management
- Home management is critical in reducing daily symptoms and reducing morbidity and mortality
- Asthma Action Plan
- All Asthma patients should have a written plan to respond to acute worsening Asthma
- Asthma Action Plans are especially important in moderate to Severe Asthma
III. Contraindications: Home Management
- Patients who require immediate medical attention (e.g. emergency department)
- High risk of fatal Asthma attack
- Serious exacerbation signs and symptoms
- Significant breathlessness
- Unable to speak in short phrases
- Accessory Muscle use
- Lethargy
- Peak Expiratory Flow <50%
IV. Approach: Asthma Action Plan
- Individualized written instructions based on personal best reliable symptoms and Peak Expiratory Flow
V. Management: Step 1 - Inhaled Beta Agonist (e.g. Albuterol)
-
Albuterol Trial
- Up to 2 treatments of Albuterol MDI 2-6 puffs each (with 20 minutes interval between each use) OR
- One treatment of Albuterol Nebulizer
- Reassessment after 1 hour
VI. Management: Step 2a - Good Response (Mild) with PEF>80%
- Signs
- No Wheezing, Dyspnea or Tachypnea
- Sustained response to Albuterol for 4 hours
- Pediatric Asthma Score (PAS): 5 to 7
- Home Management
- Albuterol 2-4 puffs every 3-4 hours for 24-48 hours
- Inhaled Corticosteroid increased use (if already using)
- Double dose for 7-10 days OR
- Use an additional dose of Inhaled Corticosteroid for every use of Albuterol
- Growing evidence for increased Inhaled Corticosteroid use in acute exacerbation
- Consider oral Corticosteroids
- Contact medical provider in 48 hours for further management
VII. Management: Step 2b - Incomplete Response (Moderate) with PEF 50-79%
- Signs
- Persistent Wheezing
- Shortness of Breath
- Tachypnea
- Cough
- Chest Tightness
- Pediatric Asthma Score (PAS): 8 to 11
- Home Management
- Albuterol 2-4 puffs q3-4 hours for 24-48 hours
- Oral Corticosteroid
- Adult
- Prednisone 40-60 mg per day divided daily to twice daily for 3-10 days OR
- Depo-Medrol 160 mg IM for single dose
- Equal to Methylprednisolone 160 mg PO x8 days
- Effect may be delayed 48 hours
- Child
- Prednisolone
- Dose: 1-2 mg/kg/day to maximum 60 mg/day for 3-10 days OR
- Dexamethasone
- Dose: 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day PO/IV/IM up to 15 mg for 1-2 days
- Keeney (2014) Pediatrics 133(3): 493-9 [PubMed]
- Prednisolone
- No tapering needed if use less than 2 weeks
- Continue course until Peak Expiratory Flow >70%
- Adult
- Contact medical provider urgently same day for recommendations
VIII. Management: Step 2c - Poor Response (Severe) with PEF <50%
- Signs
- Marked Wheezing
- Shortness of Breath, Cough or Chest Tightness
- Severe distress
- Inhaled Albuterol effect lasts less than 2 hours
- Pediatric Asthma Score (PAS): 12 to 15
- Immediate Management
- AlbuterolInhaler 4-6 puffs every 20 minutes prn
- Start oral Corticosteroids
- Adult: 40 to 60 mg per day divided qd to bid
- Child (choose one)
- Prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg/day to maximum 60 mg/day for 3-10 days
- No tapering needed if use less than 2 weeks
- Dexamethasone
- Dose: 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day PO/IV/IM up to 15 mg for 1-2 days
- Keeney (2014) Pediatrics 133(3): 493-9 [PubMed]
- Prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg/day to maximum 60 mg/day for 3-10 days
- Pursue immediate medical care
- Contact doctor
- Proceed to Emergency Department
- Call 911
IX. Efficacy
- Asthma Action Plans reduce mortality by 70%
X. Resources
- Asthma Action Plan (CDC)
- Asthma Action Plan (NIH)
XI. References
- (1997) Management of Asthma, NIH 97-4053
- (1995) Global Strategy for Asthma, NIH 95-3659
- Gibson (2004) Thorax 59(2): 94-9 [PubMed]
- Pollart (2011) Am Fam Physician 84(1): 40-7 [PubMed]
- Stoloff (1997) Am Fam Physician 56(1):117-26 [PubMed]
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
Concepts | Finding (T033) |
SnomedCT | 195978009, 367110001, 281239006 |
Dutch | exacerbatie van astma |
German | Exazerbation des Asthmas |
Italian | Esacerbazione di asma |
Portuguese | Exacerbação de asma |
Spanish | Exacerbación de asma, exacerbación de asma (trastorno), exacerbación de asma |
Japanese | 喘息増悪, ゼンソクゾウアク |
French | Exacerbation de l'asthme |
English | asthma with acute exacerbation, asthma with acute exacerbation (diagnosis), asthma exacerbation, exacerbation of asthma, acute exacerbation of asthma, acute asthma exacerbation, exacerbation asthma, of asthma exacerbation, asthma exacerbations, Exacerbation of asthma, Acute exacerbation of asthma, Exacerbation of asthma (disorder) |
Czech | Exacerbace astmatu |
Hungarian | Asthma exacerbatiója |
Ontology: asthma plan (C1655789)
Concepts | Health Care Activity (T058) |
English | Asthma plan, asthma plan |