II. Epidemiology
- Most common cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia
III. Classic Symptoms
- Shaking rigors
- Fever
- 
                          Purulent Sputum
                          - Rust colored
 
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Dyspnea
- Chest Splinting
IV. Lab
- 
                          Complete Blood Count
                          - White Blood Cell Count elevated with Left Shift
 
- 
                          Gram Stain
                          - Gram Positive encapsulated organisms
- Elongated lancet shaped diplococci
 
- 
                          Blood Culture
                          - Positive in only 33% of cases
 
- 
                          Sputum Culture
                          - Positive in only 40% of Pneumococcal Pneumonias
 
V. Radiology
- 
                          Chest XRay
                          - Lobar consolidation (often lower lobe)
- Patchy infiltrates
 
VI. Management
- Increasing Penicillin Resistance
- Penicillin Sensitive
- High-Level Penicillin Resistance- Broad spectrum Fluoroquinolone- Levofloxacin
- Gatifloxacin
- Grepafloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
- Sparfloxacin
 
- Parenteral Third Generation Cephalosporin
- High dose Ampicillin
- Vancomycin IV with or without Rifampin
 
- Broad spectrum Fluoroquinolone
VII. References
- Gilbert (2001) Sanford Antimicrobial, p. 28
