Shoulder Subluxation

Aka: Shoulder Subluxation, Glenohumeral Subluxation, Humeral Head Subluxation

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II. Definitions

  1. Shoulder Subluxation (Humeral Head Subluxation)
    1. Inferior displacement of the humeral head

III. Causes

  1. Recurrent Shoulder Dislocations and chronic Glenohumeral Instability
  2. Hypotonicity
  3. Shoulder Fracture
  4. Neuropathy (e.g. Brachial Neuritis)
  5. Cerebrovascular Accident or other CNS Disorder

IV. Exam

  1. See Shoulder Exam

V. Diagnostics

  1. Electromyogram (EMG)
    1. Evaluates for neuropathic cause
    2. Indicated for atraumatic subluxation

VI. Management

  1. See Shoulder Instability
  2. Avoid forceful Shoulder reduction techniques such as traction-countertraction (risk of injury)
  3. Early outpatient rehabilitation Exercises (after injury healed)
    1. Shoulder Range of Motion Exercises
    2. Shoulder Strength Exercises
      1. Strengthen Rotator Cuff and periscapular musculature

VII. Course

  1. Muscle tone returns after injury resolves

VIII. References

  1. Saint-Hilaire (2026) Crit Dec Emerg Med 40(10): 22-3

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