Septic Bursitis

Aka: Septic Bursitis, Septic Olecranon Bursitis, Septic Prepatellar Bursitis, Olecranon Bursa Infection, Prepatellar Bursa Infection

advertisement

II. Mechanism

  1. Often follows acute Trauma

III. Causes

  1. Staphylococcus aureus (80-85% of cases)
  2. Streptococcus Pyogenes and other species
  3. Staphylococcus Epidermidis
  4. Enterococcus (rare)
  5. Escherichia coli (rare)
  6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (rare)
  7. Candida (rare)

IV. Risk Factors

  1. Common Predisposing Factors (present in 50% of cases)
    1. Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Chronic Kidney Disease
    3. Rheumatic disorders
    4. Alcoholism
    5. Immunocompromised state (e.g. HIV Infection, Chronic Corticosteroids)
  2. Other Risk Factors
    1. Male gender
    2. Trauma or recent procedures
    3. Gouty Arthritis
    4. Dermatologic conditions (e.g. Psoriasis, Eczema)

V. Symptoms

  1. Fever (variably present)
  2. Bursal pain, redness and swelling

VI. Signs

  1. Inflammation of skin overlying bursa
    1. Bursa erythema, warmth, and effusion
  2. Normal range of motion
    1. Range of motion will however increase pain when bursa is compressed (esp. flexion)
    2. Contrast with Septic Arthritis
      1. Restricted joint range of motion is a red flag for deep infection or Septic Arthritis

VII. Labs

  1. Complete Blood Count with differential
    1. May show Leukocytosis with Left Shift
  2. Bursa Aspiration for Gram Stain and culture
    1. See Bursa Aspiration
    2. Indications
      1. Historically has been recommended in all cases of Septic Bursitis
      2. However, empiric antibiotic management without aspiration may be a safe and effective strategy
        1. Beyde (2022) Acad Emerg Med 29:6-14 [PubMed]
    3. Findings
      1. Bursal fluid PMNs >1000/mm3 (typically >2000/mm3) suggests Septic Bursitis
      2. Rising MRSA rate dictates culture-directed therapy
      3. Culture Test Sensitivity >67% (lower with prior antibiotics)

VIII. Imaging

  1. Ultrasound indications
    1. Deep infection suspected
    2. Guidance for Bursa Aspiration
  2. Joint Xray
    1. Consider in evaluation of differential diagnosis (e.g. Fracture, foreign body, crystal Arthritis)

IX. Complications

  1. Contiguous spread to surrounding tissue (including Septic Arthritis)
  2. Abscess
  3. Cutaneous fistula
  4. Aseptic sympathetic joint effusion
    1. Diagnosis of exclusion
    2. Differentiate from Septic Arthritis with Arthrocentesis

X. Management

  1. General measures
    1. Moist heat
    2. Splinting
    3. Repeated aspiration or incision, drainage as needed
  2. Antibiotics
    1. Cover Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
    2. Modify antibiotics based on culture of aspirate
    3. Duration of therapy: 14-21 days
      1. Shorter courses may be effective, and are not a risk for recurrent infection
      2. Perez (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother 65(5): 1008-14 +PMID:20197288 [PubMed]
    4. Mild infection
      1. First-line antibiotics for MSSA
        1. Oral: Dicloxacillin or Cephalexin
        2. IV: Cefazolin, Oxacillin or Nafcillin
      2. Consider MRSA coverage
        1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
        2. Doxycycline
        3. Clindamycin (high rates of MRSA resistance, and induced resistance risk)
    5. Severe infection (treat as presumed MRSA)
      1. Start with Vancomycin IV
      2. Alternatives: Linezolid, Daptomycin
      3. Transition to oral agents based on culture results

XI. References

  1. (2016) Sanford Guide, accessed on IOS 2/16/2017
  2. (2006) UpToDate, accessed 12/19/06
  3. Funk and Hurely (2022) Crit Dec Emerg Med 36(1): 18-9
  4. Koutouzis (2006) Marx: Rosen's Emergency Med
  5. Small (2005) Infect Dis Clin North Am 19:991-1005 [PubMed]
  6. Lopez (2006) Infect Dis Clin North Am 20:759-72 [PubMed]
  7. Khodaee (2017) Am Fam Physician 95(4): 224-31 [PubMed]

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Septic Bursitis." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images

Related Studies

Ontology: Infected bursa (C1290161)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 122482001
Italian Borsite infettiva, Borsite infettiva NAS, Borsite settica
Dutch bursitis infectieus NAO, septische bursitis, bursitis; infectieus, infectieus; bursitis, bursitis infectieus
French Bursite septique, Bursite infectieuse SAI, Bursite infectieuse
German septische Bursitis, Bursitis infektioes NNB, infektioese Bursitis
Portuguese Bursite séptica, Bursite infecciosa NE, Bursite infecciosa
Spanish Bursitis séptica, Bursitis infecciosa NEOM, bolsa serosa infectada (trastorno), bolsa serosa infectada, bursitis infecciosa, Bursitis infecciosa
Japanese 感染性滑液包炎ＮＯＳ, 化膿性滑液包炎, 感染性滑液包炎, ｶﾉｳｾｲｶﾂｴｷﾎｳｴﾝ, ｶﾝｾﾝｾｲｶﾂｴｷﾎｳｴﾝ, ｶﾝｾﾝｾｲｶﾂｴｷﾎｳｴﾝNOS
English septic bursitis, septic bursitis (diagnosis), Bursitis infective NOS, Septic bursitis, bursitis infective (diagnosis), bursitis infective, Bursitis infective, Infected bursa (disorder), Infected bursa, Infectious bursitis, bursitis; infective, infective; bursitis
Czech Septická burzitida, Infekční burzitida NOS, Infekční burzitida
Hungarian infectiv bursitis, infectiv bursitis k.m.n., Septicus bursitis
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Ontology: Infected olecranon bursa (C1960184)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 426002008
English Infected olecranon bursa, Infected olecranon bursa (disorder)
Spanish bolsa serosa del olécranon infectada (trastorno), bolsa serosa del olécranon infectada
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Ontology: Infection of prepatellar bursa (C1998036)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
SnomedCT 429670004
English Infection of prepatellar bursa (disorder), Infection of prepatellar bursa
Spanish infección de bolsa serosa prerrotuliana (trastorno), infección de bolsa serosa prerrotuliana
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Related Topics in Infectious Disease

advertisement

2022 Family Practice Notebook, LLC. Terms | Privacy | About | Site Map | Blog

Footer Site Logo