II. Definitions
- Ligament Sprain
- Sprain refers to injury to ligament or joint capsule
III. Grading
- Grade 1 Sprain: Few torn ligamentous fibers
- Mild Joint Pain reproduced on local palpation
- Firm endpoint with minimal laxity
- No joint instability
- Grade 2 Sprain: Increased joint instability
- Joint Swelling and pain
- Firm endpoint with some Joint Laxity
- Decreased function
- Grade 3 Sprain: Complete ligamentous tear
- Minimal or no endpoint, gross Joint Laxity
- Unstable joint
IV. Causes: Specific Ligament Sprains
- Acromioclavicular Ligament Sprain
- Ankle Sprain
- First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain
- Syndesmotic Sprain (Tibiofibular Ligament Sprain or High Ankle Sprain)