Nutrition in Diabetes Mellitus

Aka: Nutrition in Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Diet

II. Approach: Pearls

  1. Omit sugar beverages (soda, energy drinks) and juices
    1. Improves Glucose control immediately
    2. Use Non-nutritive Sweeteners in drinks or water
  2. Avoid skipping meals (3) and planned snacks (2)
    1. Increases Hypoglycemia risk
    2. Increases baseline hepatic Glucose output
    3. Appetite becomes dysregulated
  3. Additional points
    1. No set ADA diet
    2. No set caloric restriction
    3. Modify on an individual basis

III. Approach: Protein

  1. No Nephropathy
    1. Same intake as general population
    2. Percent of calories per day: 10-20%
  2. Nephropathy
    1. Normal GFR: <0.8 grams/kg/day Protein
    2. Falling GFR: <0.6g/kg/day Protein

IV. Approach: Carbohydrates

  1. Complex carbohydrates are generally preferred
  2. Simple carbohydrates (fruit juice, sucrose)
    1. Limit to occasional treats
  3. Nutritive sweeteners (Fructose)
    1. No benefit
  4. Non-nutritive Sweeteners (e.g. Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, Sucralose)
    1. Safety confirmed

V. Approach: Dietary Fiber

  1. See Dietary Fiber
  2. Same recommendations as general population

VI. Approach: Fat

  1. First Priority: Blood Sugar control
  2. Second Priority: Weight control
  3. Third Priority: Dietary changes

VII. Approach: Alcohol

  1. Limit to 2 drinks per day
  2. Risk of Hypoglycemia if Insulin taken and Fasting

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Related Studies

Ontology: Diabetic Diet (C0011878)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

If you have diabetes, your body cannot make or properly use insulin. This leads to high blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels. Healthy eating helps keep your blood sugar in your target range. It is a critical part of managing your diabetes, because controlling your blood sugar can prevent the complications of diabetes.

A registered dietitian can help make an eating plan just for you. It should take into account your weight, medicines, lifestyle, and other health problems you have.

Healthy diabetic eating includes

  • Limiting foods that are high in sugar
  • Eating smaller portions, spread out over the day
  • Being careful about when and how many carbohydrates you eat
  • Eating a variety of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables every day
  • Eating less fat
  • Limiting your use of alcohol
  • Using less salt

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Definition (MSH) A diet prescribed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, usually limited in the amount of sugar or readily available carbohydrate. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Concepts Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061)
MSH D003927
SnomedCT 138058003, 160670007
English Diabetic Diet, Diabetic Diets, Diet, Diabetic, Diets, Diabetic, diabetic diet, diabetic diet (treatment), diabetic diets, Diabetic diet, DD - Diabetic diet, Diabetic diet (finding)
Dutch diabetisch dieet, Dieet, diabetisch
French Régime antidiabétique, Régime pour diabétique, Régime alimentaire diabétique, Régime alimentaire pour diabétique, Régime diabétique
German Diabetesdiaet, Diabetikerkost, Diabetikerdiät, Diät, Diabetiker-
Italian Dieta antidiabetica, Dieta diabetica
Portuguese Dieta diabética, Dieta para Diabéticos
Spanish Dieta diabética, dieta modificada para diabéticos (hallazgo), dieta modificada para diabéticos, dieta para diabéticos (hallazgo), dieta para diabéticos, Dieta para Diabéticos
Swedish Diabeteskost
Japanese ﾄｳﾆｮｳﾋﾞｮｳｼｮｸ, 糖尿病食, 糖尿病治療食
Czech diabetická dieta, Diabetická dieta
Finnish Diabetesruokavalio
Russian DIABETICHESKAIA DIETA, ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ДИЕТА
Croatian DIJABETIČNA DIJETA
Polish Dieta cukrzycowa
Hungarian Diabeteses diéta
Norwegian Kosthold ved diabetes, Diabetikerdiett
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

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