II. Epidemiology
- Incidence: 40-50% of newborns
III. Pathophysiology
- Superficial inclusion cysts due to retention of keratin (Keratin Cysts)
IV. Signs
- Tiny (1-2 mm), flat, pearl-white to yellow Papules or cysts
- Distribution
- Face is most typical (Forehead, cheeks, nose, chin)
- Other areas: Upper trunk, extremities and penis
- Oral Mucosal Lesions in newborns (Bohn Nodules)
- Lingual alveolar ridge or crest (Dental Lamina Cysts)
- Palate (Epstein's Pearls)
- Timing
- Present at birth
- Resolve spontaneously after 3-4 weeks
V. Management
- None needed
- Spontaneously resolve within first few months of life
VI. References
- Claudius and Behar in Herbert (2020) EM:Rap 20(8): 5-7
- Snyder (2024) Am Fam Physician 109(3): 212-6 [PubMed]
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Related Studies
| Concepts | Pathologic Function (T046) |
| SnomedCT | 247468003 |
| English | comedones closed (whiteheads), closed comedones (physical finding), whiteheads, closed comedones, whitehead, Closed comedone (disorder), Whiteheads, Whitehead, Closed comedone |
| Czech | Uzavřené komedo |
| Dutch | witte mee-eters |
| French | Milium |
| German | Milia |
| Hungarian | Fehér comedo |
| Italian | Intervento di Whitehead |
| Japanese | ﾊｸｼｮｸﾒﾝﾎﾟｳ, 白色面皰 |
| Spanish | Miliar alba, comedón cerrado (trastorno), comedón cerrado |
| Portuguese | Comedões fechados |
Ontology: Milium Cyst (C0345996)
| Definition (NCI) | Small (one to two mm), firm, white cysts on the skin.(NICHD) |
| Concepts | Anatomical Abnormality (T190) , Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| SnomedCT | 37719003, 254679001, 254683001 |
| French | MILIAIRE, Miliaire sudorale |
| English | MILIA, milia (physical finding), milia, cysts milium, Milium cyst, Milium, Milia, Milial cyst, Subepidermal keratin cyst, Milia (disorder), Milial cyst (disorder), Milium (morphologic abnormality), milium, Milium Cyst |
| Italian | Milii |
| Japanese | 稗粒腫, ﾋﾘｭｳｼｭ |
| Portuguese | MILIA, Milia |
| Spanish | MILIA, acné miliar, milio (anomalía morfológica), milio, milium (trastorno), milium, quiste de queratina subepidérmico, quiste miliar (trastorno), quiste miliar, Acné miliar |
| German | MILIEN, Milien |
| Czech | Milia |
| Hungarian | Milia |
| Dutch | milia |
Ontology: Epstein's pearl (C2004597)
| Concepts | Congenital Abnormality (T019) |
| ICD10 | K09.8 |
| SnomedCT | 414116002, 333833009, 367465006, 957001 |
| English | Epithel pearls neonatal mouth, Epithelial pearls in neonatal mouth, Epstein pearls, Epstein's pearl of palate (diagnosis), Epstein's pearl cyst of mouth, the hard palate showed Epstein's pearls, Epstein's pearls, Epstein's pearls of hard palate, Epstein's pearls of hard palate (physical finding), Epstein pearl of palate, epstein's pearl, epstein's pearls, Epstein's pearl of mouth (disorder), Epstein; pearls, pearl; Epstein, pearls; Epstein, Epstein's pearl of palate (disorder), Epstein's pearl of palate, Epstein's pearl, Epstein's pearl of mouth |
| Dutch | Epstein pearls, Epstein; parels, parel; Epstein, parels; Epstein |
| French | Perles d'Epstein |
| German | Epstein-Perlen |
| Italian | Perle di Epstein |
| Portuguese | Pérolas de Epstein |
| Spanish | Perlas de Epstein, perla de Epstein de la boca (trastorno), perlas de Epstein, perlas de Epstein del recién nacido, perla de Epstein de la boca, perla de Epstein, perla palatina de Epstein (trastorno), perla palatina de Epstein |
| Japanese | エプスタイン真珠, ｴﾌﾟｽﾀｲﾝｼﾝｼﾞｭ |
| Czech | Epsteinovy perly (cysty dásní u novorozence) |
| Hungarian | Epstein-gyönygyök |
