II. Epidemiology
- Prevalence: 5% of newborns
III. Pathophysiology
- Multiple nipples form in mammalian development
- Mammary glands form along bilateral mammary ridges on the ventral trunk wall
- These ridges course from mid-axilla to inguinal area
- These nipples usually recede in the human Embryo
IV. Signs
- Unilateral or bilateral extra areola and/or nipple
V. Differential diagnosis
- Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (when supernumerary areola present)
VI. Management
- Benign finding that does not require further evaluation or removal
- Previously thought to be associated with renal anomalies, but not supported in recent literature