III. Epidemiology
- Peak Incidence: age 35-55 years old (mean age 48 years old)
IV. Pathophysiology
- Mechanism of growth appears to be proliferative fibrocystic epithelial hyperplasia
- Broad-based or pedunculated polypoid epithelial growth of size 2-3 mm and within Lactation duct
- Localized within 1 cm of nipple in 90% of cases
V. Symptoms
- Nipple Discharge (clear or bloody)
VI. Imaging
-
Mammogram
- Typically normal
- Breast Ultrasound
- May demonstrate Intraductal Papilloma
VII. Diagnosis
-
Breast biopsy
- Distinguishes Intraductal Papilloma from Breast Cancer as a cause of bloody Breast Discharge
IX. Prognosis
- Solitary Intraductal Papilloma
- Benign growths, but do confer a 1.5 to 2 fold increased lifetime risk of Breast Cancer
- Multiple Intraductal Papillomas
- Considered premalignant condition (similar risk to lobular carcinoma in situ or LCIS) with lifetime relative Breast Cancer risk of 7.4
- Multiple papillomas have a predisposition for terminal lobular ducts where ductal carcinoma frequently arises