II. Pathophysiology: Air Pollutants monitored by the EPA as part if Air Quality Index
- Carbon Monoxide
- Nitrogen Dioxide
- Sulfur Dioxide
- Lead
- See Lead Toxicity
- Ozone
- NAAQS: 0.075 ppm over 8 hour averaging time (or 0.12 ppm over 1 hour averaging time)
- Formed from reaction between volatile organics (gasoline, chemicals, paints) and nitrogen oxide (combustion exhaust)
- Associated with respiratory irritation, diminished lung function and Asthma Exacerbation
- Small Particulate Matter (size <2.5 um)
- NAAQS: 15 mcg/m3 over 1 year averaging time (or 35.0 mcg/m2 over 24 hour averaging time)
- Sources include smoke, soot, liquid droplets from combustion exhaust
- Associated with Asthma/COPD exacerbation and increased all cause mortality, especially cardiac (MI, Arrhythmia, CHF, CVA)
- Large Particulate Matter (size <10 um)
- NAAQS: 150 mcg/m3 over 24 hour averaging time
- Sources include larger dust and bioaerosols from agriculture and construction
- Same associate conditions as with smaller particulate matter exposure
III. Resources
- EPA AirNow