Japanese Encephalitis

Aka: Japanese Encephalitis, Russian Autumnal Encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis Virus

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II. Pathophysiology

  1. Mosquito-borne infection with Flavivirus
  2. Endemic regions
    1. Rural and periurban Southeast Asia and Western Pacific

III. Signs: Severe Disease (occurs in 1 of 250 infections)

  1. Fever
  2. Headaches
  3. Seizures
  4. Parkinsonism findings
  5. Coma

IV. Diagnosis

  1. Japanese Encephalitis Serology
  2. Japanese Encephalitis Cerebrospinal fluid testing

V. Differential Diagnosis

  1. See Viral Encephalitis
  2. Neurologic Findings in the Febrile Returning Traveler
  3. Fever in the Returning Traveler

VI. Prognosis: Severe Disease

  1. Severe disease occurs in 1 in 250 infections
  2. Severe disease mortality: 30%
  3. Severe disease permanent neuropsychological effects: 30%

VII. Prevention

  1. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination

VIII. References

  1. Black, Martin, DeVos (2018) Crit Dec Emerg Med 32(8): 3-12

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