Pre-Test Odds

Aka: Pre-Test Odds, Post-Test Odds, Pre-Test Probability, Post-Test Probability

advertisement

II. Evaluation

  1. Calculation
    1. Odds = P (disease) / (1 - P(disease))
    2. Pre-Test Odds = (Have condition) / (Do not have condition)
    3. Post-Test Odds = (Pre-Test Odds) x (Positive Likelihood Ratio)
  2. Example
    1. Positive Test
      1. Disease Y Present in 75
      2. Disease Y NOT Present in 25
    2. Negative Test
      1. Disease Y Present in 10
      2. Disease Y NOT Present in 190
    3. Odds
      1. Pre-Test Odds = (Have condition) / (Do not have condition) = (75 + 10)/(25+190) = 0.4
      2. Test Sensitivity = P(positive test | disease) / P(disease) = 75 / (75+10) = 0.88
      3. Test Specificity = P(negative test | no disease) / P(no disease) = 190 / (25 + 190) = 0.88
      4. Positive Likelihood Ratio = (Test Sensitivity) / (1 - Test Specificity) = 0.88 / (1-0.88) = 7.33
      5. Post-Test Odds = (Pre-Test Odds) x (Positive Likelihood Ratio) = 0.4 * 7.33 = 2.93
    4. Conclusion
      1. Given a positive test, the Post-Test Odds of having the disease is 2.93
      2. Solve for probability of disease if test positive
        1. Odds = P (disease) / (1 - P(disease))
        2. d / (1-d) = 2.93
        3. d = 2.93/3.93 = 0.75
        4. P(disease) = 75%
      3. Positive Predictive Value (PPV) also gives probability of disease based on a positive test
        1. PPV = P (test positive | Disease) / P (test positive) = 75 / (75 + 25) = 0.75 = 75%

III. Resources

  1. Wikipedia
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-_and_post-test_probability

IV. References

  1. Desai (2014) Clinical Decision Making, AMIA’s CIBRC Online Course

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Pre-Test Odds." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images

Related Studies

Related Topics in Epidemiology

advertisement