II. Indications: Conditions
- Gram-Negative, Multi-drug resistant intraabdominal Infections and Urinary Tract Infections
III. Pharmacokinetics
- Half-Life Ceftazidime: 2.7 hours (similar for Avibactam)
- Ceftazidime is excreted in urine (80-90% unchanged, avibactam is 100% unchanged on excretion)
- Adjust dose in Renal Failure
IV. Indications: Bacterial Coverage
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Main indication)
- EKP Gram Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus)
- ESP Gram Negative Bacteria (Enterobacter, Serratia, Providencia)
- Also covers Citrobacter species
- Gram Positive Cocci poorly covered
- No Gram Negative Coccobacilli coverage
V. Preparations
- Ceftazidime (Fortaz)
- Adult: 1-2 grams IM or IV every 8 to 12 hours
- Child: 30-50 mg/kg IV every 8 hours
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam (Zavicefta)
- Addition of Beta-Lactamase inhibitor (Avibactam) circumvents Beta-Lactamase resistance
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam (2g-0.5g) 62.5 g IV every 8 hours
- Urinary Tract Infections: Treated for 7-14 days
- Intraabdominal infections
- Treat for 5 to 14 days
- Combine with Metronidazole
VI. Precautions
- Avoid Avibactam in pregnancy (adverse effects in pregnancy)
- Ceftazidime is excreted in Breast Milk
VII. Disadvantages
- Most expensive
- Limited spectrum
VIII. Adverse Effects
- Gastrointestinal (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Constipation)
- Dizziness
- Anxiousness
- Abdominal Pain
- Paresthesias
IX. References
- Morrison and LoVecchio (2021) Crit Dec Emerg Med 35(1): 28
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| Definition (NCI) | A beta-lactam, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ceftazidime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to the second and first generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime is more active against gram-negative bacteria and less active against gram-positive bacteria. Ceftazidine also crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS). |
| Definition (MSH) | Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients. |
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D002442 |
| SnomedCT | 323836005, 36893000, 387200005 |
| LNC | LP15242-8, MTHU003920 |
| English | Ceftazidime, Pyridinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)((1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-, inner salt, pentahydrate, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-, ceftazidime, ceftazidime (medication), CEFTAZIDIME, Ceftazidime [Chemical/Ingredient], cefTAZidime, CefTAZidime, Pyridinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)((1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-, Hydroxide, Inner Salt, Pentahydrate, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-, Ceftazidime (product), Ceftazidime (substance) |
| Swedish | Ceftazidim |
| Czech | ceftazidim |
| Finnish | Keftasidiimi |
| Russian | TSEFTAZIDIM, ЦЕФТАЗИДИМ |
| Japanese | セフタジジム |
| Croatian | CEFTAZIDIM |
| Polish | Ceftazydym |
| Spanish | ceftazidima (producto), ceftazidima (sustancia), ceftazidima, Ceftazidima |
| French | Ceftazidime |
| German | Ceftazidim |
| Italian | Ceftazidima |
| Portuguese | Ceftazidima |
Ontology: Fortaz (C0700859)
| Concepts | Antibiotic (T195) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
| MSH | D002442 |
| English | Fortaz ADD-Vantage, fortaz, Fortaz |
Ontology: Ceftazidime+Avibactam (C3656596)
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195) |
| LNC | LP172560-7, MTHU046357 |
| English | Ceftazidime+Avibactam |
