Infectious Disease Book

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

MetronidazoleAka: Flagyl

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  1. Indications
    1. Protozoal Infection
      1. Trichomoniasis
      2. Amebiasis
      3. Giardiasis
    2. Anaerobic Bacteria infection
      1. Bacteroides fragilis
      2. Clostridium difficile
      3. Bacterial Vaginosis
  2. Pharmacokinetics
    1. Half-life: 8 hours
    2. Renal excretion
  3. Dosing: Children
    1. Dose
      1. Load: Metronidazole 15 mg/kg IV
      2. Maintenance: Metronidazole 7.5 mg/kg/dose
    2. Interval
      1. First week of life: q12 hours
      2. After first week of life: q 8hours
  4. Dosing: Adult
    1. Intravenous
      1. Loading dose: 15 mg/kg up to 1000 mg IV
      2. Maintenance dose: 7.5 mg/kg up to 500 mg IV q6-8 hour
    2. Oral dose: 250 to 750 mg PO tid
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Antabuse like effect (Never use with Alcohol)
    2. Paresthesias with long-term use
    3. Gastrointestinal intolerance
  6. Pregnancy
    1. Class B Medication (Avoid in first trimester pregnancy)
  7. Directions
    1. Taking with food decreases gastric irritation
  8. References
    1. Burtin (1995) Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:525

Metronidazole (C0025872)

Definition (MSH)A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Definition (CSP)antiprotozoal and antibacterial effective against obligate anaerobes.
Definition (NCI)A drug used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. It is also being studied in the treatment of some cancers.
Definition (PDQ)A synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, un-ionized metronidazole is readily taken up by obligate anaerobic organisms and is subsequently reduced by low-redox potential electron-transport proteins to an active, intermediate product. Reduced metronidazole causes DNA strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39503&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39503&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C651" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, un-ionized metronidazole is readily taken up by obligate anaerobic organisms and is subsequently reduced by low-redox potential electron-transport proteins to an active, intermediate product. Reduced metronidazole causes DNA strand breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD008795
English2 Methyl 5 nitroimidazole 1 ethanol, 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol, METRO, Metronidazole, METRONIDAZOLE PREPARATION, Metronidazole product
Spanishmetronidazol
Parent ConceptsNitroimidazoles (C0028179), Antiprotozoal Agents (C0003416), Imidazoles (C0020924), Anti-Bacterial Agents (C0279516), Antitrichomonal Agents (C0003447), Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (C0033671), [AM900] ANTI-INFECTIVES, OTHER (C0973485), [DE752] ANTIACNE AGENTS, TOPICAL (C0973530), [GA303] H.PYLORI AGENTS (C0973551), [GU300] ANTI-INFECTIVES, VAGINAL (C0973559), Metronidazole (C0025872), Vaginal metronidazole (C0595096), Drug allergen (C1320237), Dermatological Antibacterials (C1579273), Miscellaneous Antibacterials (C1579351)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, LNC, MSH, MTH, MTHFDA, MTHSPL, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Flagyl (C0699678)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD008795
EnglishFlagyl
SourcesMSH, NCI, PDQ, RXNORM
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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