Increased Intracranial Pressure Causes

Aka: Increased Intracranial Pressure Causes, Intracranial Pressure Elevation Causes, Medication Causes of Increased Intracranial Pressure

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II. Causes: Hydrocephalus

  1. See Hydrocephalus
  2. Communicating Hydrocephalus (adults or children)
    1. Impaired extra-ventricular CSF absorption at arachnoid granulations, basal cisterns
    2. Causes
      1. Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
      2. Post-Meningitis
      3. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  3. Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus (Interventricular obstruction, primarily children)
    1. Causes
      1. Aqueductal stenosis
      2. CSF Shunt Malfunction
      3. Incomplete Magendie or Luschka foramina development
      4. Masses compressing the Fourth Ventricle
        1. Cerebellar tumor
      5. Foramen magnum malformation
        1. Arnold-Chiari Malformation
        2. Dandy-Walker Syndrome

III. Causes: Venous Drainage Obstruction

  1. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (Sagittal, Lateral)
    1. Aseptic (Hypercoagulable state)
    2. Septic (Otitis Media, Mastoiditis)
  2. Bilateral radical neck dissection (Jugular Vein cut)
  3. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
  4. Increased Right Heart Pressure (Cor Pulmonale)

IV. Causes: Endocrine disorders

  1. Addison's Disease
  2. Cushing's Disease
  3. Obesity
  4. Hypothyroidism
  5. Hypoparathyroidism
  6. Acromegaly
  7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  8. Orthostatic Edema

V. Causes: Miscellaneous

  1. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
  4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  5. Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
  6. Sleep Apnea
  7. Turner's Syndrome
  8. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  9. Closed Head Injury
    1. See Increased Intracranial Pressure in Trauma

VI. Causes: Medications related to Increased Intracranial Pressure

  1. Amiodarone
  2. Chlordecone (Kepone): Insecticide
  3. Systemic Corticosteroids (withdrawal)
  4. Cyclosporine
  5. Growth Hormone
  6. Leuprolide (Lupron)
  7. Levothyroxine (children)
  8. Lithium Carbonate
  9. Nalidixic Acid
  10. Norplant
  11. Antibiotics
    1. Sulfonamides (e.g. Septra)
    2. Tetracycline related compounds
      1. Doxycycline
      2. Minocycline
      3. Accutane
  12. Mineralocorticoids
  13. Oral Contraceptives
  14. Vitamin A
    1. Vitamin A Supplementation
    2. Retinoic Acid

VII. Resources

  1. Increased Intracranial Pressure (StatPearls)
    1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482119/

VIII. References

  1. Jundoria, Dave, Hoag and Lopez (2026) Crit Dec Emeg Med 40(5): 4-11

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