II. Pathophysiology: Brainstem Tract Involvement

  1. Spinocerebellar Tract
    1. Ataxia
  2. CN 5 Nucleus
    1. Ipsilateral facial pain and TemperatureSensation loss
  3. Spinothalamic Tract
    1. Contralateral extremity pain and Temperature sense loss
  4. Nucleus Ambiguous
    1. Hoarseness (Dysphonia) and difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)
  5. Nulceus Solitarius
    1. Taste Sensation loss
  6. Vestibular nucleus
    1. Nystagmus

III. Findings: Signs and Symptoms

  1. Dysarthria
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Dysphonia
  4. Vertigo
  5. Nystagmus
  6. Ataxia or Unsteady gait
  7. Crossed Findings (secondary to involvement of Medulla)
    1. Crossed findings may also occur with vertebrobasilar CVA with Cranial Nerve Involvement
    2. Ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome
    3. Sensory changes
      1. Ipsilateral face
      2. Contralateral body

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Ontology: Lateral Medullary Syndrome (C0043019)

Definition (NCI) A syndrome caused by an infarct in the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery. It is characterized by sensory defects affecting the same side of the face as the infarct and the opposite side of the trunk as the infarct. Patients experience difficulty swallowing and/or speaking.
Definition (MSH) INFARCTION of the dorsolateral aspect of MEDULLA OBLONGATA in the BRAIN STEM. It is caused by occlusion of the VERTEBRAL ARTERY and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of infarction, but may include loss of pain and temperature sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body below the chin; ipsilateral HORNER SYNDROME; ipsilateral ATAXIA; DYSARTHRIA; VERTIGO; nausea, hiccup; dysphagia; and VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p801)
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D014854
ICD10 G46.3
SnomedCT 195193009, 78569004
English Lateral Bulbar Syndrome, Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome, Wallenberg Syndrome, Wallenberg's Syndrome, Wallenbergs Syndrome, Wallenberg syndrome, LMS - Lateral medullary syndr, stroke of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (diagnosis), stroke of posterior inferior cerebellar artery, Dorsolateral Medullary Syndrome, Medullary Syndrome, Dorsolateral, Lateral Medullary Syndrome, Syndrome, Vieseaux-Wallenberg, Vieseaux Wallenberg Syndrome, Vieseaux-Wallenberg Syndrome, Syndrome, Wallenberg, Lateral Medullary Syndrome [Disease/Finding], syndrome wallenberg, lateral medullary syndrome, wallenberg's syndrome, wallenberg syndrome, wallenbergs syndrome, Lateral Medullary Syndromes, Syndromes, Lateral Medullary, Inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, Wallenberg's syndrome, LMS - Lateral medullary syndrome, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome (disorder)
Japanese 外側髄症候群, ガイソクズイショウコウグン, ワレンベルグショウコウグン, Wallenberg症候群, 延髄外側症候群, ワレンベルグ症候群, 外側延髄症候群, 後下小脳動脈症候群, ヴァレンベルグ症候群
Swedish Lateralt medullärt syndrom
Czech Wallenbergův syndrom, syndrom PICA, laterální míšní syndrom, Syndrom dorzolaterální oblongáty-Wallenbergův
Finnish Wallenbergin oireyhtymä
French Syndrome latéral du bulbe, Syndrome médullaire latéral, Syndrome latéro-bulbaire, Syndrome de Wallenberg, lnfarctus latérobulbaire
Russian ZADNEI NIZHNEI ARTERII MOZZHECHKA SINDROM, MOZZHECHKA ZADNEI NIZHNEI ARTERII SINDROM, LATERAL'NYI MEDULLIARNYI SINDROM, ЗАДНЕЙ НИЖНЕЙ АРТЕРИИ МОЗЖЕЧКА СИНДРОМ, ЛАТЕРАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДУЛЛЯРНЫЙ СИНДРОМ, МОЗЖЕЧКА ЗАДНЕЙ НИЖНЕЙ АРТЕРИИ СИНДРОМ
Italian Sindrome bulbare laterale, Sindrome midollare laterale, Sindrome di Vieseaux-Wallenberg, Sindrome dell'arteria cerebellare inferiore posteriore, Sindrome dorsolaterale midollare, Sindrome di Wallenberg
Polish Zespół Wallenberga, Zespół tętnicy móżdżkowej tylnej dolnej, Zespół rdzeniowy boczny
Hungarian Wallenberg-syndroma, Lateralis nyúltvelői syndroma (Wallenberg)
Norwegian PICA-syndromet, Wallenbergs syndrom, Arteria cerebellaris posterior-inferior-syndrom, Lateralt medullært syndrom
Spanish síndrome de Wallenberg (trastorno), síndrome de Wallenberg, síndrome de arteria cerebelosa posterior inferior, síndrome de la arteria cerebelosa inferior, síndrome de la arteria cerebelosa posteroinferior, síndrome medular lateral, Síndrome de Wallemberg, Síndrome medular lateral, Síndrome Bulbar Lateral, Síndrome de la Arteria Cerebelar Posteroinferior, Síndrome de Wallenberg, Síndrome Medular Lateral
Portuguese Síndrome medular lateral, Síndrome Bulbar Lateral, Síndrome da Artéria Cerebelar Posteroinferior, Síndrome de Wallenberg, Síndrome Medular Lateral
Dutch lateraal medullair syndroom, syndroom van Wallenberg, Arteria-cerebelli-posterior-inferiorsyndroom, Lateraal bulbair syndroom, Laterale medulla-oblongatasyndroom, Syndroom van Wallenberg, Syndroom, laterale medulla-oblongata-
German Wallenberg Sandrom, Wallenberg Syndrom, Wallenberg-Syndrom, Oblongata-Syndrom, laterales, Wallenberg-Foix-Syndrom, Syndrom der Arteria cerebelli inferior posterior, Laterales medulläres Syndrom