II. Causes: Most common
- Adults
- Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis or Gallstone Pancreatitis (Up to 60-70% of cases in the United States)
- Chronic Alcohol Abuse (35% of cases)
- Alcoholics also suffer from gallstone Pancreatitis (Ultrasound for Gallstones)
- Hypertriglyceridemia (10% of cases)
- Children
- Infection (e.g. Mumps, Viral Hepatitis, Coxsackievirus, Ascariasis, Mycoplasma)
- Abdominal Trauma (e.g. handlebar injury)
III. Causes: Gastrointestinal
- Cholelithiasis or Gallstone Pancreatitis (up to 60-70% of cases in the United States)
- Abdominal Trauma or surgery
- Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- Peptic Ulcer perforation
- Hereditary Pancreatitis
- Pancreas divisum
- Ampulla of Vater Obstructed (e.g. Regional Enteritis)
- Sphincter of odi dysfunction
- Abdominal Trauma (1.5% of cases)
- Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
IV. Causes: Endocrine
- Hypertriglyceridemia (esp. if Triglycerides >500-1000, may be related to uncontrolled or undiagnosed Diabetes)
- Hypercalcemia (e.g. Hypervitaminosis D, Hyperparathyroidism, Total Parenteral Nutrition)
- Renal Failure
- Cystic Fibrosis (Chronic Pancreatitis)
- Hemochromatosis (Chronic Pancreatitis)
V. Causes: Infection
- Mumps
- Viral Hepatitis
- Coxsackievirus
- Ascariasis
- Mycoplasma
VI. Causes: Medications and toxins (<2% of cases)
- See Medication Causes of Pancreatitis
- Alcohol Abuse or Alcoholic Pancreatitis (35% of cases)
- Toxins include Snake Bites and Scorpion bites
VII. Causes: Vasculitis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Necrotizing angiitis
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)