Diabetes Mellitus Complications

Aka: Diabetes Mellitus Complications, Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Complications, Diabetes Complication Prevention

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II. Complications: Macrovascular

  1. Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
  2. Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death
  3. Peripheral Vascular Disease
  4. Cerebrovascular Disease
  5. Renal Artery Stenosis

III. Complications: Microvascular

  1. Diabetic Retinopathy
  2. Diabetic Nephropathy
    1. Occurs in 40% of Type I Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Occurs in 20% of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
  3. Peripheral Neuropathy
    1. See Diabetic Neuropathy
    2. See Monofilament Foot Sensation Test
    3. See Charcot Foot
    4. See Foot Ulcer and Diabetic Foot Care
    5. See Suspected Osteomyelitis in Diabetes Mellitus
  4. Gastrointestinal
    1. See Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Esophageal Reflux
    3. Gastroparesis
    4. Diabetes Related Intestinal Enteropathy
    5. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  5. Miscellaneous
    1. Autonomic Neuropathy
    2. Erectile Dysfunction
    3. Dementia
      1. Ongoing poor glycemic control with Hemoglobin A1C >9% increases Dementia risk in age >50 years
      2. Moran (2023) JAMA Neurol 80(6): 597-604 [PubMed]

IV. Prevention

  1. Glycemic Control
    1. See Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Management
  2. Coronary Artery Disease Prevention in Diabetes
    1. Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus
    3. Antiplatelet Management in Diabetes Mellitus
    4. Tobacco Cessation
  3. Diabetic Nephropathy
    1. ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Diabetic Nephropathy

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