II. Associated Conditions: Esophagus, Stomach and Bowel
- Gastroparesis
- Diabetes Related Intestinal Enteropathy
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Esophageal Dysmotility
- Increased Incidence with longer standing Diabetes Mellitus (Type I or Type II)
-
Esophageal Reflux
- Mechanism: Esophageal Dysmotility, decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone, prolonged transit time
-
Celiac Disease (Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy)
- Increased association with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (5-10 fold increased risk)
-
Pancreatitis
- Increased risk (esp. with complications)
- More common in new onset Diabetes Mellitus
-
Pancreatic Cancer
- Seen more often at the time of new onset Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis
III. Associated Conditions: Liver
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Hepatitis C
- Higher rate of Diabetes Mellitus development
- Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus and Hepatitis C increases risk of fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
-
Hepatitis B
- Increased risk if sharing needles and lancets
- Hepatitis B Vaccine recommended
- Diabetic Hepatopathy
- Hepatocytes are overwhelmed with glycogen in uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Type I
- Uncontrolled Type I Diabetes Mellitus may present as Acute Hepatitis
-
Hemochromatosis (Bronze Diabetes)
- Diabetes Mellitus is one component of the Hemochromatosis triad
-
Cirrhosis
- Common pathway for the more severe manifestations of liver disease in Diabetes Mellitus
IV. Prevention
- Optimize Glucose control
- See Specific Conditions for management