Apple Cider Vinegar

Aka: Apple Cider Vinegar

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II. Background

  1. Apple Cider Vinegar is the fermented extract of the juice of crushed apples
  2. Apple Cider Vinegar contains acetic acid, pectin and various Vitamins and minerals

III. Indications

  1. Experimental use in Type 2 DIabetes and Obesity
  2. No strong evidence as of 2025 to support as a medical recommendation

IV. Dosing

  1. Apple Cider Vinegar 15 ml twice daily (common study dose)
    1. Dilute each dose in 4-8 ounces of water

V. Adverse Effects

  1. Hypoglycemia
    1. Increased risk when combined with diabetes medications
    2. Increased risk when combined with certain Herbals (e.g. berberine, chromium, Garlic)

VI. Safety

  1. Unknown safety in pregnancy and Lactation (avoid)

VII. Efficacy

  1. Precautions
    1. Evidence is not strong and not recommended for routine use
  2. Metabolic Syndrome or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    1. Apple Cider Vinegar may inhibit intestinal Carbohydrate breakdown
    2. Jafarirad (2023) Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 4:1288786 +PMID: 38028980 [PubMed]
  3. Obesity
    1. Apple Cider Vinegar may aid weight loss via increased Energy Expenditure and satiety
    2. Cobb (2021) Int J Exerc Sci 14(2):222-9 +PMID: 34055150 [PubMed]
    3. Abou-Khalil (2024) BMJ Nutr Prev Health 7(1):61-7 +PMID: 38966098 [PubMed]
    4. Hasan (2022) Curr Dev Nutr 6(Suppl 1):285 [PubMed]
  4. Conditions in which Apple Cider Vinegar has not been shown effective
    1. Cognitive function
    2. Major Depression
    3. Osteoarthritis

VIII. References

  1. (2025) Presc Lett 32(10): 60

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