Newborn Illness

Aka: Newborn Illness, Neonatal illness

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II. Epidemiology

  1. Birth Rate (2023)
    1. U.S. : 3.6 Million/year
    2. World: 132 Million/year
  2. Low Birth Weight Infants (2023)
    1. Higher risk for illness
    2. U.S.: 300,000/year (8-9%)
    3. World: 20 Million/year (14-15% overall, approaches 30% in africa and southeast asia)
  3. Emergency Department Visits (U.S.)
    1. First 28 days of life: 7.6% of all U.S. newborns visit an Emergency Department
    2. Lee (2014) Pediatr Emerg Care 30(5): 315-8 [PubMed]

III. Causes: Neonatal Respiratory Distress

  1. Transient Tachypnea
  2. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
  3. Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn
  4. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
  5. Neonatal Sepsis
  6. CNS Conditions resulting in apnea or Bradypnea

IV. Causes: Other Common and Serious Newborn Medical Presentations

  1. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
  2. Neonatal Hypoglycemia
  3. Neonatal Sepsis
  4. Neonatal Seizure
  5. Congenital Heart Disease
  6. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
  7. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
  8. Nonaccidental Trauma

V. Causes: Peripartum Presentations

  1. Perimortem Cesarean Section
  2. Placental Abruption
  3. Preterm Infant
  4. Substance Abuse in Pregnancy

VI. Management

  1. See Newborn Resuscitation

VII. References

  1. Diggs, Mok and Collyer (2026) Crit Dec Emerg Med 40(5): 27-37

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