Parainfluenza VIrus

Aka: Parainfluenza VIrus, Parainfluenza

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II. Pathophysiology

  1. See Paramyxovirus (Paramyxoviridae)
  2. Parainfluenza is subdivided into 4 serotypes (and multiple subtypes)
    1. Serotypes have different patterns of outbreaks (some in fall, some in spring-summer)

III. Risk Factors

  1. Malnutrition
  2. Crowded conditions
  3. Vitamin A Deficiency
  4. Second-hand smoke exposure

IV. Findings

  1. Children (age <5 years)
    1. Acute Bronchiolitis
    2. Viral Pneumonia
    3. Croup (age <7-8 years)
      1. Responsible for most of Parainfluenza's related morbidity and mortality in children
  2. Older children and adults
    1. Upper Respiratory Infection
    2. Viral Pneumonia (elderly, Immunocompromised)

V. Differential Diagnosis

  1. See Croup
  2. See Acute Bronchiolitis
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Influenza
  5. Metapneumovirus
  6. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  7. Rhinovirus

VI. Complications

  1. Acute Respiratory Failure (esp. children with croup)
  2. Exacerbation of comorbidity
    1. Asthma Exacerbation
    2. COPD Exacerbation

VII. Management

  1. See Croup
  2. See Acute Bronchiolitis
  3. See Acute Respiratory Failure

VIII. References

  1. Branche (2016) Semin Respir Crit Care Med 37(4):538-54 +PMID: 27486735 [PubMed]
  2. Elboukari (2023) Parainfluenza VIrus +PMID: 32809554 [PubMed]

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