Infectious Disease Book

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

Visceral Larva Migrans

Aka: Visceral Larva Migrans, Toxocariasis
Advertisement
  1. See Also
    1. Ocular Larva Migrans
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 10,000 cases per year in United States
  3. Causes: Roundworms (Nematodes)
    1. Toxocara canis (dogs)
    2. Toxocara cati (cats)
  4. Transmission
    1. Spread via dog or cat feces contaminating soil
    2. Young children (age <3 years) eating contaminated soil
      1. Common in playgrounds and sandboxes
    3. Adults ingesting raw liver
  5. Pathophysiology
    1. Infectious eggs ingested and hatch in Intestine
    2. Larvae trapped in liver or circulate
  6. Symptoms
    1. Nausea
    2. Fever
    3. Myalgia
    4. Hepatomegaly
    5. Edema
    6. Urticaria
  7. Complications
    1. Epilepsy may develop in toddlers
    2. Ocular Larva Migrans (Endophthalmitis)
  8. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Hepatitis
    2. Encephalitis
    3. Viral myalgia
    4. Epilepsy
    5. Pneumonia
    6. Trichinosis
    7. Eosinophilic Leukemia
    8. Periarteritis nodosa
  9. Labs
    1. Complete Blood Count
      1. Leukocytosis with >20% Eosinophilia
    2. Larval antigen ELISA Test
  10. Course
    1. Self limited
    2. Generally benign
  11. Management
    1. Indications
      1. Severe cardiac or pulmonary disease
      2. Neurologic involvement
    2. Preparations
      1. Mebendazole (Vermox)
        1. Dose: 100-200 bid for 5 days
        2. Not available as of 2012 (use Albendazole instead)
      2. Diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan)
        1. Dose: 6 mg/kg/day divided tid for 7-10 days
  12. Prevention
    1. Careful child supervision
      1. Prevent soil ingestion
      2. Encourage hand washing
    2. Regular worming of cats and dogs
    3. Clean up after pets
    4. Cover sandbox between use
    5. Cook liver and other organ meats well before eating

Larva Migrans, Visceral (C0023049)

Definition (NCI) A parasitic infection caused by worms found in domestic animals. In humans nematode larvae enter the portal system from the small intestine and disseminate in visceral organs causing inflammatory reactions. Signs and symptoms include eosinophilia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lung infections.
Definition (MSH) A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D007816
ICD10 B83.0
SnomedCT 87121004
English Larva Migrans, Visceral, Migrans, Visceral Larva, LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL, Larva migrans, Visceral, Toxocara visceral larva migran, Visceral larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, visceral larva migrans (diagnosis), Visceral Larva Migran, Migran, Visceral Larva, Larva Migran, Visceral, Visceral Larva Migrans Syndrome, Larva Migrans, Visceral [Disease/Finding], larva visceral migrans, larva migrans visceral, Visceral larva migrans syndrome, Toxocaral visceral larva migrans, Visceral larva migrans syndrome (disorder), larva migrans; visceralis, visceral; larva migrans, Visceral Larva Migrans, Larva migrans visceralis
Swedish Larva migrans, visceral
Japanese ﾅｲｿﾞｳﾖｳﾁｭｳｲｺｳｼｮｳ, 幼虫移行症-内臓, 臓器幼虫移行症, 内臓幼虫移行症, 幼虫体内移行症, 幼虫内移行症, 幼虫内臓移行症, 内蔵幼虫爬行症, 幼虫内蔵爬行症, 臓器幼虫爬行症
Czech larva migrans viscerální, Larva migrans visceralis
Finnish Viskeraalinen vaeltava toukka
Russian LARVA MIGRANS VISTSERAL'NAIA, LARVA MIGRANS ВИСЦЕРАЛЬНАЯ
Korean 내장 유충 이행증
Portuguese Síndrome de Larva Migrans Visceral, Larva visceral migrante, Larva Migrans Visceral
Spanish Síndrome de Larva Migrans Visceral, Sindrome de Larva Migrans Visceral, síndrome de la larva migratoria visceral (trastorno), síndrome de la larva migratoria visceral, Larva migrans visceral, Larva Migrans Visceral
Polish Zespół larwy wędrującej trzewnej
Hungarian visceralis larva migrans
Dutch larva migrans; visceralis, visceralis; larva migrans, viscerale larva migrans, Larva migrans visceralis
French Micro-ascaridose, Larva migrans viscérale
German Larva migrans visceralis, Larva migrans, viszerale
Italian Larva migrans viscerale
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Toxocariasis (C0040553)

Definition (NCI) A parasitic infection caused by Toxocara. Humans are infected by the larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati from dogs and cats respectively. Most cases remain asymptomatic. The parasites may affect the eye, causing diminished vision, or other major organs, causing hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, wheezing, and coughing.
Definition (MSH) Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D014120
ICD9 128.0
ICD10 B83.0
SnomedCT 406619001, 38995001, 76695000
English Toxocariases, Toxocariasis, TOXOCARIASIS, Toxocarosis, toxocariasis (diagnosis), toxocariasis, Infection due to Toxocara, Infection due to toxocara (disorder), Infection due to Toxocara (disorder), Infection due to toxocara, Toxocariasis [Disease/Finding], toxocarosis, Toxocara infection, Toxocariasis (disorder)
Dutch Toxocara-infectie, toxocariasis, Infectie, spoelworm-, Spoelworminfectie
French Infection à Toxocara, Toxocariase, Toxocarose
German Toxocarai-Infektion, Toxocarainfektion, Toxocariasis
Italian Infezione da Toxocara, Toxocariasi
Portuguese Infecção por toxocara, Toxocaríase
Spanish Infección por toxocara, toxocariasis (trastorno), toxocariasis, infección por Toxocara (trastorno), infección por Toxocara, Toxocariasis
Japanese トキソカラ症, トキソカラ感染, ﾄｷｿｶﾗｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾄｷｿｶﾗｼｮｳ
Swedish Toxocariasis
Czech toxokariáza, Toxokaróza
Finnish Toksokariaasi
Russian TOKSOKAROZ, ТОКСОКАРОЗ
Polish Zespół wędrującej larwy trzewnej, Toksokaroza
Hungarian Toxocara fertőzés, toxocariasis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Navigation Tree