II. Indications

  1. Informed Consent regarding pulmonary surgical risk for elective non-cardiac surgery
    1. Review with patient if benefits of procedure outweigh risks

III. Risk Factors: Perioperative Pulmonary Complication Risk Factors by Patient Factors (Odds Ratio)

  1. Current Smoking: 1.4
  2. American College of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class II or higher: 4.87
  3. Congestive Heart Failure: 2.93
  4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): 2.3
  5. Age over 60 years old: >2.28
  6. Unable to complete Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) without assistance or Assistive Devices: >1.65
  7. Serum Albumin <3.5 mg/dl

IV. Risk Factors: Perioperative Pulmonary Complication Risk Factors by Surgery (Odds Ratio)

  1. Aortic aneurysm repair: 6.9
  2. Thoracic Surgery: 4.24
  3. Abdominal surgery: 3.09
  4. Neurosurgery: 2.53
  5. Emergency surgery: 2.52
  6. General Anesthesia: 2.35
  7. Prolonged surgery >3 hours: 2.26
  8. Head and neck surgery: 2.21
  9. Vascular surgery: 2.10

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