Funduscopic Changes in Hypertension

Aka: Funduscopic Changes in Hypertension, Retinal Changes in Hypertension, Keith-Wagner

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II. Technique

  1. Dilate eye (Mydriacyl)

III. Grading of Hypertensive funduscopic changes

  1. GP 1
    1. Spasm of Retinal vessels
  2. GP 2
    1. Constriction and sclerosis of Retinal arterioles
    2. Arteriovenous Nicking (AV Nicking) of Retinal vessels
  3. GP 3
    1. Vascular changes
    2. Hemorrhages
    3. Exudates
  4. GP 4
    1. Above changes & Papilledema

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