II. Medical Causes of abnormal Urine Odor
- Sweet or fruity odor
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Maple syrup urine disease (infants, rare)
- Ammonia odor
- Bladder retention
- Urine at room Temperature for prolonged period
- Fecal odor
- Bladder-Intestinal fistula
- Pungent odor
- Strong odor
- Concentrated urine
- Musty odor
- Sulfur odor
- Cystine decomposition
III. Food and medication causes of abnormal Urine Odor
- Asparagus
- Vitamin B6 Supplementation
IV. Inborn Errors of Metabolism causing Urine Odor
- Phenylketonuria
- Maple syrup urine disease (infants, rare)
- Glutaric acidemia
- Isovaleric acidemia
- Hawkinsinuria
- Hypermethioninemia
- Multiple carboxylase deficiency
- Oasthouse urine disease
- Trimethylaminuria
- Tyrosinemia
- References
- Rezvani in Behrman (2004) Nelson Pediatrics, p. 397
- (2002) Harriet Lane, p. 275
