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Antibiotic Resistance
Aka: Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiotic Resistant Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance, Multidrug-Resistant Organism, Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
- See Also
- Emerging Infections
- Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Health Care-Associated Infection
- Antibiotic Stewardship
- Epidemiology
- Health Care Associated Infections are caused by multidrug resistant organisms in 16% of cases (especially MRSA)
- Pathophysiology: Factors Affecting Drug Resistance
- Antibiotic Overuse
- Viral Upper Respiratory Infections
- Agricultural antibiotic use
- Increasing Incidence of immunocompromised patients
- Food supply globalization
- Causes: Emerging Drug Resistance
- Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
- Penicillin Resistant Pneumococcus
- Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
- Multi-resistant Gram Negative Bacilli
- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella
- Nosocomial outbreaks
- Restricted drug use sometimes beneficial
- Multi-Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhea
- Multi-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Prevention
- Antibiotic Stewardship
- Limit antibiotics to cases in which they are absolutely indicated
- Prevent spread
- See Health Care-Associated Infection
- Practice good Hand Hygiene before and after seeing each paint
- Follow contact precautions for colonized or infected patients
- Consider culturing for nasal MRSA in high risk hospital settings (e.g. ICU) and decolonization with Bactroban of infected patients
- Decolonization
- Chlorhexidine baths daily for Intensive Care unit patients
- Resources
- Centers for Disease Control
- Patient Education Tools on appropriate antibiotic use
- http://www.cdc.gov/antibioticresistance/tools.htm
- Patient Education from FamilyDoctor.org
- Antibiotic Resistance
- http://www.familydoctor.org/handouts/659.html
- Antibiotic Indications
- http://www.familydoctor.org/handouts/680.html
- Reference
- (1995) Lecture: M Osterholm, MD, Minneapolis, MN
- Hooton (2001) Am Fam Physician 63(6):1087-6 [PubMed]
- Hsu (2014) Am Fam Physician 90(6): 377-82 [PubMed]
- Sensakovic (2001) Med Clin North Am 85:115-23 [PubMed]