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Acanthosis Nigricans
Aka: Acanthosis Nigricans- See Also
- Skin Conditions in Diabetes Mellitus
- Necrobiosis Lipoidica diabeticorum
- Diabetic Dermopathy
- Granuloma Annulare
- Diabetic Ulcer
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus
- Type II Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Resistance Syndrome
- Glucose Metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus Education
- Diabetes Mellitus Complications
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
- Diabetes Mellitus Control in Hospital
- Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Management
- Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
- Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Diabetic Neuropathy
- Classification and Causes
- Type 1: Hereditary Benign Acanthosis Nigricans
- Idiopathic onset during childhood or Puberty
- Type 2: Benign Acanthosis due to Insulin Resistance
- Type 3: Pseudo-Acanthosis Nigricans
- Obesity resulting in Insulin Resistance
- Seen in patients with darker pigmentation
- Specific findings
- Numerous Skin Tags in axilla and groin
- Velvety patch at inner upper thigh areas of chafing
- Type 4: Drug-induced Acanthosis Nigricans
- Nicotinic Acid (high dose)
- Glucocorticoids
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
- Oral Contraceptives (androgenic Progesterone)
- Growth Hormone therapy
- Type 5: Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans
- Causes
- Paraneoplastic tumors (Adenocarcinoma)
- Lymphoma
- Specific findings
- Palm and sole hyperkeratosis
- Lip vermilion border and Oral Mucosa involved
- Causes
- Type 1: Hereditary Benign Acanthosis Nigricans
- Signs
- Characteristics
- Hyperpigmentation patches (dirty-appearing)
- Velvety feel and appearance develops over time
- Distribution
- Characteristics
- Evaluation
- Consider malignancy
- Onset over age 35 years
- Non-obese patient
- Evaluate for cause of Insulin Resistance
- Evaluate for Hyperandrogenism
- Consider malignancy
- References
- Elmer (2001) Am Fam Physician 63(12):2385-90 [PubMed]
- Fitzpatrick (1992) Atlas Dermatology, McGraw, p.732-3
- Hacker (1996) Postgrad Med 99(6):177-86 [PubMed]