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Cystic Hygroma
Aka: Cystic Hygroma, Hygroma Cysticum, Cystic Lymphangioma, Cavernous Lymphangioma, Lymphangioma Cavernosum, Lymphangioma Cysticum
- Pathophysiology
- Congenital lymphatic malformation
- Lymphatic vessel fails to connect and drain
- Results in large multiloculated cyst
- Distribution
- Neck (60%)
- Other locations
- Chest Wall
- Mediastinum
- Axilla
- Rare locations
- Inguinal region
- Retroperitoneal region
- Associated Conditions
- Turner's Syndrome
- Noonan's Syndrome
- Down Syndrome
- Symptoms
- Initial
- Asymptomatic
- Painless lesion unless infected or bleeding
- Progression: Continues to increases in size
- 90% symptomatic by age 2 years
- Signs
- Fluctuant mass usually in neck
- Mass transilluminates
- Complications
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Airway compromise (due to compression)
- Differential Diagnosis
- See Neck Masses in Children
- Management
- Deliver where NICU available if diagnosed prenatally
- Risk of airway compromise
- Surgical excision
- Prognosis
- Recurrence rate after surgical excision: 10-15%
- References
- Townsend (2001) Sabiston Surgery, Saunders, p. 546-7
- Muensterer (2000) Pediatr Rev 21(4):139-43 [PubMed]
- Weintraub (2000) Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:1171-89 [PubMed]