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Sudden Death in Athletes
Aka: Sudden Death in Athletes
- See Also
- Arrhythmias in Athletes
- Sudden Cardiac Death
- Epidemiology
- Less common than death from other medical conditions
- High School and College Athletes
- Sudden death Incidence: 1 in 200,000
- Adult Athletes
- Sudden death Incidence: 1 in 50,000
- Conditions predisposing to sudden death
- Incidence: 1 in 20,000 athletes
- Sudden death is 5 fold higher in young men than women
- Sudden death risk is increased with Sickle Cell Trait
- Relative Risk: 27 times risk of african american males
- Relative Risk: 40 times risk of caucasian males
- Evaluation: Screening
- See Pre-participation History for cardiac red flags
- Causes
- Age over 30-35 years
- Coronary Artery Disease (77% of cases)
- Age under 30 to 35 years (20% of causes non-cardiac)
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (50% of cases)
- Coronary Artery Abnormalities
- Marfan's Syndrome
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Myocarditis
- Drug Abuse
- Heart Valve defects
- Aortic Stenosis
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Ebstein's Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve
- Arrhythmia
- Prolonged QT interval
- WPW Syndrome
- Third degree Atrioventricular Heart Block
- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
- Brugada Syndrome
- Cardiac Concussion (Commotio Cordis)
- Ventricular Fibrillation due to Blunt Chest Trauma
- Normal Athlete Findings
- See Athletic Heart Syndrome
- Evaluation: Guidelines (26th Bethesda conference)
- Preparticipation Physical
- Careful History and Physical every 2 years
- No Regular Chest XRay, Electrocardiogram, or Labs
- Sinus Arrhythmia
- Arrhythmias
- Asymptomatic Sinus Bradycardia
- Asymptomatic Sinus Arrhythmia
- Asymptomatic Sinus pause
- Episodes lasting less than 3 seconds and asymptomatic
- No further evaluation needed
- Symptomatic episodes
- Electrocardiogram
- Holter Monitor or Event Monitor
- Echocardiogram
- Exercise Stress Testing
- First Degree Atrioventricular Block
- Asymptomatic
- Electrocardiogram only
- Symptomatic or PR Interval exceeds 0.3 seconds
- Holter Monitor or Event Monitor
- Echocardiogram
- Exercise Stress Testing
- Mobitz II Second Degree Atrioventricular Block
- Electrocardiogram
- Holter Monitor or Event Monitor
- Echocardiogram
- Exercise Stress Testing
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Electrocardiogram
- Holter Monitor or Event Monitor
- Echocardiogram