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Ontology:
Acarbose
(C0050393)
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Definition (NCI)
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A pseudotetrasaccharide and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase with antihyperglycemic activity. Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides. This prevents the breakdown of larger carbohydrates into glucose and decreases the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels. In addition, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase which hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the small intestines.
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Definition (MSH)
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An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE.
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Definition (PDQ)
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A complex oligosaccharide used as a hypoglycemic agent in diabetes management. Acarbose inhibits enzymes required in catabolism of carbohydrates, specifically pancreatic alpha-amylase, which hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine, and the membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucosidases, which hydrolyze oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the small intestine. When acarbose is orally administered, less digestion of complex carbohydrates occur and less glucose is absorbed in the small intestine, thereby producing a smaller rise in postprandial blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate load. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=42140&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=42140&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C983" NCI Thesaurus)
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| Concepts |
Pharmacologic Substance
(T121)
, Carbohydrate
(T118)
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| MSH |
D020909
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| SnomedCT |
391700000, 386965004, 109077006 |
| LNC |
LP171383-5 |
| English |
Acarbose, O-4,6-Dideoxy-4-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-glucose, acarbose, acarbose (medication), oral hypoglycemics acarbose, ACARBOSE, Acarbose [Chemical/Ingredient], D-glucose, O-4,6-dideoxy-4-(((1S-(1 alpha,4 alpha,5 beta,6 alpha))-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)amino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyr anosyl-(1-4)-, Acarbose - chemical, Acarbose - chemical (substance), Acarbose (product), Acarbose (substance) |
| Swedish |
Akarbos
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| Finnish |
Akarboosi
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| Russian |
AKARBOZA, АКАРБОЗА |
| Japanese |
アカルボース
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| Polish |
Akarboza
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| Czech |
akarbosa, akarbóza |
| Spanish |
acarbosa (producto), acarbosa (sustancia), acarbosa, Acarbosa |
| French |
Acarbose
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| German |
Acarbose
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| Italian |
Acarbosio
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| Portuguese |
Acarbose
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Ontology:
miglitol
(C0066535)
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Definition (NCI)
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A desoxynojirimycin derivative and inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with antihyperglycemic activity. Miglitol binds to and inhibits alpha-glucosidase, an enteric enzyme found in the brush border of the small intestines that hydrolyzes oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose and other monosaccharides. This prevents the breakdown of larger carbohydrates into glucose and decreases the rise in postprandial blood glucose levels. Compared to acarbose, miglitol is systemically absorbed.
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| Concepts |
Pharmacologic Substance
(T121)
, Organic Chemical
(T109)
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| MSH |
C045621
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| SnomedCT |
386046009, 109071007 |
| English |
miglitol, N-hydroxyethyl-1-desoxynojirimycin, N-hydroxyethyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycin, miglitol (medication), miglitol [Chemical/Ingredient], MIGLITOL, Miglitol (product), Miglitol (substance), Miglitol |
| Spanish |
miglitol (producto), miglitol (sustancia), miglitol |
Ontology:
Precose
(C0591572)
| Concepts |
Pharmacologic Substance
(T121)
, Carbohydrate
(T118)
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| MSH |
D020909
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| English |
glucobay, precose, Glucobay, Bayer Brand of Acarbose, Glucor, Prandase, Precose |
Ontology:
Glyset
(C0720692)
| Concepts |
Pharmacologic Substance
(T121)
, Organic Chemical
(T109)
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| MSH |
C045621
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| English |
Glyset, glyset |
Ontology:
alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
(C1299007)
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Definition (MSH)
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Compounds that inhibit ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE.
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| Concepts |
Pharmacologic Substance
(T121)
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| MSH |
D065089
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| SnomedCT |
109072000, 372565001 |
| English |
alpha glucosidase inhibitor, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, alpha glucoside inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, alpha glucosides inhibitors, Inhibitors, alpha-Glucosidase, alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors, alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Alpha-glucoside inhibitor (product), Alpha-glucoside inhibitor (substance), Alpha-glucoside inhibitor, Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors |
| Spanish |
inhibidor de alfa glucósido (sustancia), inhibidor de alfa glucósido, inhibidor de alfaglucosidasa (producto), inhibidor de alfaglucosidasa, inhibidor de alfaglucósido (producto), inhibidor de alfaglucósido (sustancia), inhibidor de alfaglucósido |
