II. Preparations: Medications
-
Topical Eye Anesthetic
- Tetracaine 0.5%
- Onset in 1 minute and lasts for 30 minutes
- Proparacaine 0.5%
- Onset in 20 seconds and lasts for 15 minutes
- Tetracaine 0.5%
-
Topical Eye Antibiotic
- See ophthlamic Antibiotic
- Bacitracin ophthalmic ointment
- Erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointment
- Gentamicin 0.3% ophthalmic ointment
- Topical Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
- See Mydriatic
- Precautions
- Mydriatic only
- Phenylephrine ophthalmic 2.5%
- Onset in 20-30 minutes and lasts for hours
- Risk of Chemical Eye Injury
- Phenylephrine ophthalmic 2.5%
- Mydriatic and Cycloplegic (Anticholinergics)
- Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) 0.5 to 1%
- Onset in 20 minutes and lasts for 6 hours
- Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) 1% (0.5% in children)
- Onset in 30 minutes and lasts for up to 24 hours
- Homatropine 2% solution
- Onset in 30 minutes and lasts for 2-4 days
- Avoid in children
- Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) 0.5 to 1%
III. Preparations: Instruments
-
General exam instruments
- Visual Acuity Chart (e.g. Snellen Chart, Handheld Rosenbaum Chart)
- Flashlight or penlight
- Ophthalmoscope
- Slit Lamp
- Handheld Tonometer with disposable covers (e.g. Tonopen)
- See Eye Ultrasound
-
Eye Foreign Body exam
- Medical Magnifying Glasses (e.g. Optivisor headband magnifier)
- Fluorescein dye strips and wood's lamp (for Corneal exam)
- Sterile cotton swab (moistened with Topical Eye Anesthetic)
- 18 gauge needle (eye Foreign Body Removal with needle tip)
- Corneal Burr with sterilized tip (rust Ring Removal)
- Eye Shield and tape or eye patch
-
Eye Irrigation
- pH Paper
- NS 1 liter bag, IV tubing and morgan lens or eye wash station
- Plastic basin
IV. References
- Sales, Patel and Patel (2019) Crit Dec Emerg Med 33(12): 3-13