II. Pathophysiology

  1. Occurs in all members of population
    1. Elderly and very young more susceptible
    2. Great variations in individual susceptibility exists

III. Risk Factors

  1. Atopic Patients are more susceptible
  2. Filaggrin Mutation
    1. Results in keratinization disorder
  3. Nickel Hypersensitivity

IV. Causes

  1. Very potent irritants
    1. Wet cement
    2. Strong acids (e.g. Hydrofluoric Acid)
    3. Ethylene oxide
    4. Heavy Metals
  2. Common other topical causes
    1. Rubbing Alcohol
    2. Nail polish remover
    3. Propylene glycol
    4. Soaps
    5. Solvents
    6. Acids or vinegar
    7. Monistat
  3. Sports exposure related
    1. See Sport-related Contact Dermatitis

V. Symptoms

  1. Severe Pain or Burning (Early symptom)
  2. Moderate Pruritus (Late symptom)

VI. Signs

  1. Marked Erythema
  2. Sharply demarcated
  3. Xerosis
  4. Exposed skin affected
    1. Thin skin (e.g. Dorsum of hands as opposed to palms)
    2. Well demarcated area
  5. Numerous Pustules
    1. Contrast with Vesicle in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
  6. Hyperkeratosis or fissuring
    1. More common than in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
  7. Reaction delay after contact: minutes to hours

VII. Management

  1. Severe irritant exposure
    1. Remove contaminated clothing
    2. Continous and prolonged water irrigation of skin
    3. Do not neutralize acids with base or vice versa
      1. Results in increased damage due to heat reaction

VIII. Complications

  1. Skin necrosis
  2. Skin Ulceration

IX. Resources

  1. Haz-Map (Occupational Exposure Database)
    1. http://www.haz-map.com

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

Related Studies

Ontology: Dermatitis, Irritant (C0162823)

Definition (NCI) An inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact between the skin and an irritating substance. It is typically manifested by erythema, mild edema, and scaling at the affected site.
Definition (MSH) A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D017453
ICD10 L24 , L24.9
SnomedCT 200850007, 110979008
English Dermatitis, Primary Irritant, Irritant Dermatitis, Dermatitides, Irritant, Dermatitides, Primary Irritant, Irritant Dermatitides, Irritant Dermatitides, Primary, Irritant Dermatitis, Primary, Primary Irritant Dermatitides, Primary Irritant Dermatitis, ICD - Irr contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, unspecified cause, Dermatitis, Irritant, Dermatitis, Irritant [Disease/Finding], dermatitis contact irritant, primary irritant dermatitis, dermatitis irritants, irritant dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis (diagnosis), contact dermatitis irritant, Dermatitis irritant contact, Primary irritant dermatitis, ICD - Irritant contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis (disorder), Non-allergic contact dermatitis, contact; dermatitis, irritant, dermatitis; contact, irritant, dermatitis; irritant, irritant; dermatitis, Primary irritant dermatitis (disorder), Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Dutch dermatitis door contact met irriterende stof, contact; dermatitis, irritatief, dermatitis; contact, irritatief, dermatitis; irritatief, irritatief; dermatitis, Irritatief contacteczeem, oorzaak niet gespecificeerd, Irritatief contacteczeem, Dermatitis, irritatie-, Dermatitis, primaire irritatie-, Irritatiedermatitis
French Dermatite de contact causée par des irritants, Dermatite de contact à un agent irritant, Dermatite irritative
German Dermatitis Kontakt mit Reizstoff, Toxische Kontaktdermatitis, nicht naeher bezeichnete Ursache, Toxische Kontaktdermatitis, Dermatitis, Irritations-, Dermatose, Irritations-, Dermatitis, primäre ab acribus
Italian Dermatite da contatto, Dermatite irritante primaria, Dermatite irritante
Portuguese Dermatite de contacto irritante, Dermatite Irritante, Dermatite por Irritante Primário
Spanish Dermatitis irritante por contacto, dermatitis de contacto no alérgica, dermatitis irritativa por contacto, dermatitis irritativa por contacto (trastorno), dermatitis irritante primaria, dermatitis irritante por contacto (trastorno), dermatitis de contacto primaria, dermatitis irritante por contacto, dermatitis irritante primaria (trastorno), dermatitis por contacto no alérgica, dermatitis por contacto primaria, Dermatitis Irritante, Dermatitis por Irritante Primario
Japanese 刺激性接触性皮膚炎, シゲキセイセッショクセイヒフエン, 一次刺激性皮膚炎, 皮膚炎-刺激性, 刺激性皮膚炎, 皮膚炎-一次刺激性
Swedish Dermatit, icke-allergisk
Czech dermatitida dráždivá, dermatitida kontaktní nealergická, Iritační kontaktní dermatitida
Finnish Ärsytysihottuma
Russian DERMATIT PERVICHNYI RAZDRAZHAIUSHCHII, DERMATIT, VYZVANNYI RAZDRAZHAIUSHCHIMI SREDSTVAMI, RAZDRAZHAIUSHCHII DERMATIT, ДЕРМАТИТ, ВЫЗВАННЫЙ РАЗДРАЖАЮЩИМИ СРЕДСТВАМИ, ДЕРМАТИТ ПЕРВИЧНЫЙ РАЗДРАЖАЮЩИЙ, РАЗДРАЖАЮЩИЙ ДЕРМАТИТ
Korean 자극성 접촉피부염, 상세불명 원인의 자극성 접촉피부염
Polish Zapalenie skóry podrażnieniowe
Hungarian Dermatitis, irritatív, kontakt
Norwegian Irritativ kontaktdermatitt, Ikke-allergisk kontakteksem, Irritativt kontakteksem, Irritativ kontakteksem