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Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Aka: Tumor Lysis Syndrome
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  1. Definition
    1. Acute tumor cell lysis post-Chemotherapy and radiation
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Massive tumor lysis releases breakdown products
      1. Uric Acid
      2. Phosphates
      3. Calcium
      4. Potassium
    2. Tumor breakdown products overwhelm excretion mechanism
    3. Onset within 5 days of Chemotherapy or radiation
  3. Causes: Most common associated tumors
    1. Rapidly growing tumors
      1. Acute Leukemia
      2. Lymphoma
  4. Labs: Chemistry panel
    1. Renal Function tests: Acute Renal Failure
      1. Blood Urea Nitrogen increased
      2. Serum Creatinine increased
    2. Serum bicarbonate or ABG: Metabolic Acidosis
    3. Serum phosphate: Hyperphosphatemia
    4. Serum Potassium: Hyperkalemia
    5. Serum Calcium: Hypocalcemia
  5. Management
    1. Hospitalization
    2. Intravenous fluids
    3. Uric Acid management
      1. Allopurinol
      2. Urate oxidase (uricase)
    4. Alkalinize urine
    5. Hemodialysis

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (C0041364)

Definition (NCI) A condition of metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells. Tumor lysis syndrome typically occurs in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. Burkitt lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are commonly associated with this syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia and may result in renal failure, multiple organ failure, and death.
Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells.
Definition (NCI) A condition that can occur after treatment of a fast-growing cancer, especially certain leukemias and lymphomas (cancers of the blood). As tumor cells die, they break apart and release their contents into the blood. This causes a change in certain chemicals in the blood, which may cause damage to organs, including the kidneys, heart, and liver.
Definition (MSH) A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D015275
ICD9 277.88
ICD10 E88.3
SnomedCT 277605001
English Syndrome, Tumour Lysis, Syndromes, Tumor Lysis, Syndromes, Tumour Lysis, Tumor Lysis Syndromes, Tumour Lysis Syndrome, Tumour Lysis Syndromes, Syndrome, Tumor Lysis, TUMOUR LYSIS SYNDROME, TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Tumor Lysis Syndrome [Disease/Finding], tumour lysis syndrome, Tumor lysis syndrome, Tumour lysis syndrome, Tumor lysis syndrome (disorder), tumor lysis syndrome
Portuguese SINDROME DE LISE TUMORAL, Síndrome de lise tumoral, Síndrome de Lise Tumoral
Italian Sindrome da lisi tumorale, Sindrome da lisi di cellule tumorali
Spanish Síndrome de lisis tumoral, síndrome de lisis tumoral (trastorno), síndrome de lisis tumoral, Síndrome de lisis del tumor, Síndrome de Lisis Tumoral, Sindrome de Lisis Tumoral
Swedish Tumörlyssyndrom
Japanese ｼｭﾖｳﾎｳｶｲｼｮｳｺｳｸﾞﾝ, 腫瘍融解症候群, 腫瘍崩壊症候群, 腫瘍溶解症候群
Czech syndrom lýzy nádoru, Syndrom nádorového rozpadu
Finnish Tuumorilyysioireyhtymä
Russian NOVOOBRAZOVANIIA RASPADA SINDROM, НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ РАСПАДА СИНДРОМ
French SYNDROME DE LYSE TUMORALE, Syndrome de lyse tumorale
German TUMORLYSESYNDROM, Tumorlysesyndrom, Tumorlyse-Syndrom
Polish Zespół lizy nowotworu
Hungarian Tumor lysis syndroma
Dutch tumorlysissyndroom, Syndroom, tumorlysis-, Tumorlysissyndroom
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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