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Glanders

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  1. Cause
    1. Burkholderia mallei (Malleomyces mallei)
      1. Formerly categorized as Pseudomonas
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Gram Negative bacillus
    2. Previously only domesticated animal infection
      1. Horses, Mules, and Donkeys
      2. Historically contracted by animal handlers (rare)
      3. No naturally acquired human cases in last 60 years
    3. Aerosolized risk as a biological warfare agent
      1. Infection rate in those exposed to aerosol: 46%
    4. Incubation: 10-14 days after inhalation
  3. Symptoms (Septicemic form)
    1. Fever
    2. Rigors
    3. Night Sweats
    4. Myalgia
    5. Headache
    6. Pleuritic Chest Pain
    7. Photophobia
    8. Lacrimation
    9. Diarrhea
  4. Signs
    1. Acute (Septicemic form)
      1. Fever
      2. Cervical adenopathy
      3. Splenomegaly
      4. Rash
        1. Generalized papular or pustular eruptions
    2. Chronic form
      1. Rash
        1. Cutaneous and intramuscular abscess
      2. Nasal discharge and Ulceration (50%)
  5. Labs
    1. Exudate Methylene blue stain
      1. Scant small bacilli
    2. Sputum Culture on meat nutrient mediums
    3. Complete Blood Count
      1. Mild Leukocytosis with Left Shift
  6. Radiology: Chest XRay
    1. Miliary Nodules (0.5 - 1.0 cm)
      1. Small, multiple Lung Abscesses
    2. Bronchopneumonia
    3. Lobar Pneumonia
    4. Necrotizing nodular lesions
  7. Course
    1. Uniformly fatal if untreated
  8. Complications
    1. Osteomyelitis
    2. Brain abscess
    3. Meningitis
  9. Prevention
    1. No vaccine
    2. Post-exposure prophylaxis with Septra
    3. Environmental Decontamination with 0.5% Hypochlorite
  10. References
    1. (1998) Medical Management of Biological Casualties
      1. U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of ID

Glanders (C0017589)

Definition (MSH)A contagious disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI and characterized by ulceration of the respiratory mucosa and an eruption of nodules on the skin.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9024, 024
MSHD005896
EnglishEquina, Equine glanders, Farcy, Farcy buds, Farcy cords, Farcy pipes, Glanders, Infection due to Actinobacillus mallei, Infection due to Malleomyces mallei, Infection due to Pseudomonas mallei, Maliasmus, Malleus, Malleus structure
Spanishbrotes de muermo, estructura del martillo, infeccion por Actinobacillus mallei, infeccion por Malleomyces mallei, infeccion por Pseudomonas mallei, muermo
Parent Concepts[X]Zoonotic bacterial disease, unspecified (C0311376), Horse Diseases (C0019940), Burkholderia Infections (C0282677), Bacterial Infections (C0004623), Pseudomonas Infections (C0033817), Anthropozoonosis (C0275535), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria (C1299529)
SourcesDXP, ICD9CM, LCH, MSH, MTH, MTHICD9, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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