Hematology and Oncology Book

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Neutrophil Count

Aka: Neutrophil Count, Neutrophil, Absolute Neutrophil Count, Neutrophilic Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte, PMN, PML, PMN Count, Neutrophilia, Stress Leukocytosis, Band Neutrophil, Left Shift, Demargination
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  1. Definitions: Left Shift
    1. Increased number of immature Neutrophils (band forms)
    2. Suggests acute inflammation
  2. Characteristics
    1. Function: Primary defense against bacterial infection
      1. Phagocytizes and digests microorganisms
      2. Responds to several sources of chemotaxins
        1. Macrophage released Interleukin
        2. Basophil and Mast Cell released Histamine
        3. C-Reactive Protein Induced Complement Activation
    2. Morphology on Blood Smear
      1. Granulocyte with neutral staining on Wright Stain
      2. Nucleus with 3 to 5 lobes connected by thin chromatin
      3. Cytoplasm with fine granules
  3. Interpretation: Normal Count
    1. Range: 50-70% of White Blood Cells
    2. Bands: 2-6% of White Blood Cells
    3. Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) >1500 Neutrophils/mm3
  4. Causes: Decreased Neutrophils
    1. See Neutropenia
  5. Causes: Increased (Neutrophilia) - ANC > 7500/mm3
    1. Physiologic Increase (Demargination)
      1. Release of cells in marginal pool
      2. Mediated by stress (Stress Leukocytosis)
        1. Exercise
        2. Seizures
        3. Anxiety
        4. Epinephrine
    2. Acute bacterial infection (and other infections)
    3. Tissue Injury and Inflammation
      1. Myocardial Infarction
      2. Burn Injury
      3. Collagen vascular disease
      4. Hypersensitivity Reaction
    4. Metabolic condition
      1. Acute Renal Failure
      2. Eclampsia
      3. Ketoacidosis
    5. Myeloproliferative disorder
      1. Myelocytic Leukemia
      2. Myeloid metaplasia
      3. Polycythemia Vera
    6. Miscellaneous causes
      1. Hemolytic Anemia
      2. Acute Hemorrhage
      3. Splenectomy (Leukocytosis may persist months)
    7. Neoplasms
      1. Metastatic cancer
    8. Medications
      1. Corticosteroids
      2. Lithium
      3. Beta agonists
  6. References
    1. Wilson (1991) Harrison's Medicine, McGraw, p. 360-1

Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal (C0023524)

Definition (MSHFRE) Infection virale opportuniste du système nerveux central associée aux affections de l'immunité cellulaire (par exemple, SIDA, autres syndromes de déficit immunitaire, néoplasies hématologiques, immunosuppression et maladies de collagène). Le virus en cause est le polyomavirus JC qui infecte principalement les oligodendrocytes entraînant de multiples foyers de démyélinisation. Les manifestations cliniques incluent une démence, une ataxie, des troubles visuels ainsi que d'autres déficits neurologiques localisés. La maladie progresse généralement vers un état végétatif dans les 6 mois. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)
Definition (NCI) A progressive demyelination within the central nervous system associated with reactivation of a latent JC virus infection.
Definition (MSH) An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)
Definition (CSP) demyelination in various part of the central nervous system, usually secondary to neoplastic disease; JC virus has been recovered from brain tissue.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D007968
ICD9 046.3
ICD10 A81.2
SnomedCT 22255007
English Leukoencephalopathies, Progressive Multifocal, Multifocal Leukoencephalopathies, Progressive, Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathies, LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, Multifocal leukoencephalopathy, NOS, PML - Prog multifo leukoenceph, PMLE - Prog multi leucoenceph, Prog mltifoc lucoencephalopath, ENCEPH JC POLYOMAVIRUS, JC POLYOMAVIRUS ENCEPH, LEUKOENCEPH PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPH, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (diagnosis), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus, JC Polyomavirus Encephalitis, Encephalopathies, JC Polyomavirus, Encephalopathy, JC Polyomavirus, JC Polyomavirus Encephalopathy, Prog multifoc leukoencep, Multifocal leukoencephalopathy NOS, Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal [Disease/Finding], multifocal leukoencephalopathy, pml, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PMLE - Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, Multifocal leucoencephalopathy, Multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML - Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, PMLE - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (disorder), leukoencephalopathy; multifocal, multifocal; leukoencephalopathy, Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal, PML
Italian Leucoencefalopatia multifocale progressiva, Encefalopatia da poliomavirus JC, Encefalite da poliomavirus JC, Leucoencefalopatia progressiva multifocale
French Leucoencéphalopathie mutlifocale progressive, Leucoencéphalopathie progressive multifocale, Leuco-encéphalopathie multifocale progressive, Leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive, Encéphalite à polyomavirus JC, LEMP
Swedish Leukoencefalopati, progressiv multifokal
Japanese ｼﾝｺｳｾｲﾀｿｳｾｲﾊｸｼﾂﾉｳｼｮｳ, 白質脳症-進行性多巣性, 進行性多巣性白質エンセファロパシー, 進行性多巣性白質脳症, 進行性多病巣性白質エンセファロパシー, 進行性多病巣性白質脳症, 進行性多病巣性脳症, 白質エンセファロパシー-進行性多巣性, 白質エンセファロパシー-進行性多病巣性, 白質脳症-進行性多病巣性
Czech leukoencefalopatie progresivní multifokální, Progresivní multifokální leukoencefalopatie
Finnish Progressiivinen multifokaalinen leukoenkefalopatia
Russian LEIKOENTSEFALOPATIIA PROGRESSIRUIUSHCHAIA MNOGOOCHAGOVAIA, ЛЕЙКОЭНЦЕФАЛОПАТИЯ ПРОГРЕССИРУЮЩАЯ МНОГООЧАГОВАЯ
German Progressive multifokale Leukenzephalopathie, progressive multifokale Leukoenzephalopathie, Leukoenzephalopathie, progressive multifokale, Enzephalitis, JC-Polyomavirus, Progressive multifokale Leukoenzephalopathie
Korean 진행성 다발성 백질뇌병증
Polish Leukoencefalopatia wieloogniskowa postępująca, Zwyrodnienie istoty białej postępujące wieloogniskowe, Choroba Astroma
Hungarian progressiv multifocalis leucoencephalopathy, multifocalis progresszív leukoencephalopathia
Dutch leuko-encefalopathie; multifocaal, multifocaal; leuko-encefalopathie, progressieve multifocale leuko-encefalopathie, Encefalopathie, progressieve multifocale leuko-, Leuko-encefalopathie, progressieve multifocale, Multifocale leuko-encefalopathie, progressieve, Polyomavirusencefalitis, Progressieve multifocale leuko-encefalopathie
Spanish leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (trastorno), leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva, leucoencefalopatía multifocal, Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva, Encefalitis por JC Poliomavirus, Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva, Leucoencefalopatía Progresiva Multifocal, Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progresiva, Leucoencefalopatia Progresiva Multifocal
Portuguese Leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva, Encefalite por Polyomavirus JC, Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


neutrophil (C0027950)

Definition (NCI) A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granular leukocytes. A granular leukocyte is a type of white blood cell.
Definition (MSH) Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Definition (NCI) Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Definition (CSP) granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Concepts Cell (T025)
MSH D009504
SnomedCT 80153006, 116712007, 259710001
English Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear, Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear, Neutrophil, Neutrophils, Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, neutrophils, Blood neutrophil, Blood segmented neutrophil, Blood PMN, Marrow neutrophil, heterophil granulocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, neutrophilic leukocyte, Neutrophile, Heterophile leucocyte, Neutrophil leukocyte, Neutrophil leucocyte, Blood neutrophils, POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE, Polymorphonuclear cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, polymorph, polymorphonuclear neutrophil, polymorphonuclear cell, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, polymorphs, cells pmn, PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, granular leukocyte, PMN cell, Polymorphonuclear leucocyte, Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (cell), Polymorphonuclear leukocyte, Neutrophil (body structure), Polymorphonuclear Cell, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils, neutrophil, Polymorph, Neutrophil (cell), PMN - polymorphonuclear leucocyte, PMN - polymorphonuclear leukocyte, Polys
Dutch neutrofielen, bloed neutrofielen, Leukocyt, polymorphonucleair, Neutrofyl, Neutrofylen, Polymorphonucleaire leukocyt
French Neutrophiles sanguins, Neutrophiles, Granulocytes neutrophiles, PNN (Polynucléaire neutrophile), Polynucléaire neutrophile, Polynucléaires neutrophiles, Granulocyte neutrophile
German Neutrophile im Blut, Leukozyten, polymorphkernige, Neutrophile, Polymorphkernige Leukozyten
Italian Neutrofili ematici, Leucociti polimorfonucleari, Neutrofili
Portuguese Neutrófilos no sangue, Leucócitos Polimorfonucleares, Neutrófilos
Spanish Neutrófilos en sangre, neutrófilo polimorfonuclear, neutrófilo, neutrófilo (célula), leucocito polimorfonuclear (célula), leucocito polimorfonuclear, neutrófilo (estructura corporal), Neutrofilos, Leucocitos Polimorfonucleares, Neutrófilos
Japanese 血中好中球, ｹｯﾁｭｳｺｳﾁｭｳｷｭｳ, ｺｳﾁｭｳｷｭｳ, 白血球-多形核, 多核白血球, 多形核白血球, 多形核球, LE細胞, 好中球
Swedish Neutrofila leukocyter
Czech neutrofily, granulocyty neutrofilní, leukocyty polymorfonukleární, Neutrofily v krvi, Neutrofily
Finnish Neutrofiilit
Russian NEITROFILY, LEIKOTSITY POLIMORFNOIADERNYE, GRANULOTSITY NEITROFIL'NYE, LEIKOTSITY NEITROFIL'NYE, LE-KLETKI, LE-КЛЕТКИ, ГРАНУЛОЦИТЫ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫЕ, ЛЕЙКОЦИТЫ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫЕ, ЛЕЙКОЦИТЫ ПОЛИМОРФНОЯДЕРНЫЕ, НЕЙТРОФИЛЫ
Croatian NEUTROFILI
Latvian Polimorfonukleārie leikocīti, Neitrofili, Leikocīti, polimorfonukleārie
Polish Neutrofile, Granulocyty obojętnochłonne, Komórki LE, Leukocyty wielojądrzaste
Hungarian Neutrofilek, Neutrofil vérszint
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Neutrophilia (C0151683)

Concepts Finding (T033)
SnomedCT 78341006, 142929007, 165518003, 414850009
English Neutrophilia, NOS, NEUTROPHILIA, neutrophilia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, Neutrophilic leukocytosis, Neutrophilia, Neutrophilia (finding), Neutrophilic leucocytosis, Neutrophilia (disorder) [Ambiguous], Neutrophilia (disorder), Nnutrophilia
Italian Neutrofilia
Japanese 好中球増加症, ｺｳﾁｭｳｷｭｳｿﾞｳｶｼｮｳ
Spanish Neutrophilia, leucocitosis con neutrofilia, leucocitosis neutrofílica, neutrofilia (concepto no activo), neutrofilia (hallazgo), neutrofilia, Neutrofilia, neutrofilia (trastorno)
Portuguese NEUTROFILIA, Neutrofilia
German NEUTROPHILIE, Neutrophilie
French POLYNUCLEOSE NEUTROPHILE, Polynucléose neutrophile
Czech Neutrofilie
Hungarian neutrophilia
Dutch neutrofilie
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Left shifted white blood cells (C0240173)

Concepts Finding (T033)
SnomedCT 87361006
English IMMATURE LEUKOCYTES INCREASED, LEFT SHIFT, Left shift leukocytic maturation alteration, Leukocytic maturation alteration, left shift, WBC LEFT SHIFT, Leukocytes.left shift, shift to the left, blood cells left shift white, left shift, left shift wbc, left shift of wbc, left shifting, left shifting wbc, wbc left shift, Shift to the left (haematological), Shift to the left (hematological), Shift to the left, Left shift, Left shift of WBC, Left shifted white blood cells, Left shifted white blood cells (finding)
Italian Deviazione a sinistra, Deviazione a sinistra (ematologica)
Dutch linksverschuiving (hematologisch), verschuiving naar links (hematologisch), verschuiving naar links
French Déviation à gauche (hématologique), Glissement vers la gauche
German Linksverschiebung (haematologisch), Linksverschiebung
Portuguese Desvio para a esquerda (hematológico), Virar para a esquerda
Spanish Desviación a la izquierda (hematológica), alteración de la maduración leucocítica con desviación hacia la izquierda (hallazgo), alteración de la maduración leucocítica con desviación hacia la izquierda, desviación hacia la izquierda del recuento de glóbulos blancos, recuento de glóbulos blancos con desviación hacia la izquierda, Desviación a la izquierda
Japanese 左方移動, 左方移動（血液学的）, ｻﾎｳｲﾄﾞｳ, ｻﾎｳｲﾄﾞｳｹﾂｴｷｶﾞｸﾃｷ
Czech Posun doleva (hematologický), Posun doleva
Hungarian Balra tolódás (hematológiai), Balra tolódás
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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