Septic Arthritis Causes

Aka: Septic Arthritis Causes, Septic Joint Causes

advertisement

II. Causes: General

  1. Staphylococcus aureus
    1. Most common cause of Septic Arthritis in all ages

III. Causes: Septic Arthritis Causes based on age

  1. Infant (age <3 months, contiguous spread from Osteomyelitis)
    1. Staphylococcus aureus (common)
    2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (common)
    3. Enterobacteriaceae
    4. Group B Streptococcus
  2. Children (age 3 months to 14 years)
    1. No cause identified in one third of cases
    2. Staphylococcus aureus (27%)
    3. Streptococcus (14%)
      1. Streptococcus Pyogenes
      2. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
    4. HaemophilusInfluenzae (<3% of cases, much less common in U.S. since start of Hib Vaccine)
    5. Gram Negative Bacilli
      1. Kingella kingae (preschool children
  3. Adults with STD risk
    1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (most common)
      1. See Gonococcal Arthritis
      2. Gonorrrhea is a still a leading cause in young adults with Septic Arthritis
      3. More common in women by a factor 3-4
      4. Typically Migratory Arthritis
    2. Staphylococcus aureus
    3. Streptococcus
    4. Gram Negative Bacilli
    5. Syphilis
  4. Adults with no STD risk
    1. Staphylococcus aureus (50%)
    2. Streptococcus species
    3. Gram Negative Bacilli

IV. Causes: Iatrogenic or Trauma related Septic Arthritis

  1. Joint aspiration or injection
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Joint Trauma or wound
    1. Gram Negative Bacilli
    2. Anaerobic Bacteria
    3. Staphylococcus aureus
    4. Polymicrobial infections
  3. Joint prosthesis
    1. Early infection
      1. Staphylococcus epidermidis
    2. Late Infection
      1. Gram Positive Cocci
      2. Anaerobic Bacteria
  4. Umbilical catheter (UAC or UVC) use in the newborn
    1. Risk of septic hip

V. Causes: Septic Arthritis related to Comorbid Medical Conditions

  1. Intravenous Drug Abuse
    1. Atypical Gram Negative Bacilli (e.g. Pseudomonas)
  2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Streptococcus
    3. Gram Negative Bacilli
  3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Sickle Cell Anemia
    1. Salmonella
  4. Hemophilia
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Streptococcus
    3. Gram Negative Bacilli
  5. Hemoglobinopathy
    1. Salmonella
  6. Immunodeficiency
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Mycobacterium species
    3. Fungus
    4. Gram-Negative Bacteria

VI. Causes: Chronic Monoarticular Arthritis

  1. Brucella
  2. Nocardia
  3. Mycobacterium
  4. Fungus

VII. Causes: Acute Polyarticular Septic Arthritis

  1. See Polyarticular Joint Pain Causes
  2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (most common)
  3. Lyme Disease
  4. Acute Rheumatic Fever
  5. Viral Hepatitis
  6. Parvovirus B19
  7. Syphilis

VIII. Causes: Septic Arthritis related to Occupation or Travel

  1. Gardening or agricultural
    1. Sporothrix schenckii
    2. Brucella
  2. Marine related
    1. Mycobacterium marinum
  3. Immigrant
    1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

IX. References

  1. Gilbert (2012) Sanford Guide to Antimicrobials
  2. Stimmler (1996) Postgrad Med 99(4):127-39 [PubMed]

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Septic Arthritis Causes." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images

Related Studies

Related Topics in Infectious Disease

advertisement

2020 Family Practice Notebook, LLC. Terms | Privacy (EHS) | About | Site Map | Blog

Footer Site Logo