II. Epidemiology
-
Prevalence
- Children: 15-17% of normal children ages 4 to 15 years (peaks at ages 8-12 years)
- Adults: 4%
- Gender Predominance
- More common in boys than in girls
- Inherited
- One parent with Sleep Walking history confers 45% risk for a child
- Two parents with Sleep Walking history confers 45% risk for a child
III. Definitions
- Somnambulism: Sleep Walking
- Somniloquy: Sleep Talking
IV. Pathophysiology
- Occurs during first 3 hours of sleep
- Occurs during non-REM Sleep: Stages 3 and 4
V. Risk Factors
- Family History in first degree relative (see above)
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Sleep deprivation
- Gastroesophageal Reflux disease
- Acute stress
VI. Signs
- Eyes are open but stare is blank
- Speech is mumbled, slurred and unintelligible
- Unable to awaken during episode
- Patient has no memory of the event
- Not well coordinated, but can do semi-purposeful acts
- Dressing
- Open and close doors
- Turn on and off lights
- Timing
- Onset during first half of sleep
- Lasts for 30 seconds to 30 minutes
- Rapidly returns to sleep
VII. Associated Conditions: Other parasomnias
VIII. Differential Diagnosis
- Partial complex Seizures occurring during sleep
- REM behavior disorder
- Night Terrors
- Malingering
- Dissociative phenomena
- Medication adverse effect
- Illicit Drug use
IX. Management
- See Prompted Sleep Awakening Technique
- Reassure parents (See Course below)
- Avoid Fatigue (leads to Sleepwalking)
- Ensure sufficient sleep
- Provide regular sleep-wake schedule
- Maintain a consistent bedtime and awakening time
- During episode
- Lead child back to bed
- Minimize interventions with child
- Do not shake or slap child
- Do not shout at child
- Stop by bathroom if needed
- Once in bed, episode may end
- Protect from accidents
- Gates across stairs
- Special locks on outside doors and windows
- No bunk-bed sleeping
- Situate bedroom on first floor of home
X. Course
- Sleep Walking spontaneously stops with adolescence
XI. Followup: Indications to call or return to clinic
- Signs of Seizure during episode
- Drooling
- Jerking or stiffening
- Persistent frequent or prolonged episodes
- Twice weekly despite prompted awakenings for 7 days
- Episodes last longer than 30 minutes
- Child does something dangerous during episode
- Episodes occur during second half of night
- Child with daytime fears
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Related Studies
Definition (MSHCZE) | Stav, kdy jedinec během spánku chodí a nekontrolovaně vykonává různé činnosti (např. konzumuje potravu), aniž se na to po probuzení pamatuje. Postihuje převážně děti, nejvíce mezi 4. a 6. rokem. Druh parasomnie vázané na NREM spánek. Důležité je zabránit úrazu náměsíčného, někdy je třeba provést neurologické vyšetření pro odlišení epilepsie, popř. jiných chorob. Též lunatismus. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
Definition (NCI) | A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of rising from bed and walking about; while sleepwalking, the individual has a blank stare and can be awakened only with great difficulty. On awakening, the individual has amnesia for the episode. |
Definition (MSH) | A parasomnia characterized by a partial arousal that occurs during stage IV of non-REM sleep. Affected individuals exhibit semipurposeful behaviors such as ambulation and are difficult to fully awaken. Children are primarily affected, with a peak age range of 4-6 years. |
Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
MSH | D013009 |
ICD10 | F51.3 |
SnomedCT | 80495009, 268775007, 192457006, 154927001 |
DSM4 | 307.46 |
English | Sleep Walking, Somnambulism, Sleepwalking, LUNATISM, SLEEP WALKING, SOMNAMBULISM, Sleepwalking [somnambulism], SLEEP WALKING DIS, Lunatism, Somnambulation, sleep walking, sleepwalking (symptom), sleepwalking, Sleepwalking disorder, Sleep Walking Disorder, Sleep Walking Disorders, Nocturnal Wandering, Wandering, Nocturnal, Somnambulism [Disease/Finding], sleep walking disorder, sleepwalk, sleep walk, sleepwalked, somnanbulism, Disorder;sleepwalking, sleeping walking, somnambulation, Sleepwalking Disorder, Walking in sleep, Sleepwalking (disorder), nonorganic sleepwalking disorder, sleepwalking disorder nonorganic, nonorganic sleepwalking disorder (diagnosis), Sleep walking, Sleep walking disorder, Sleep walking disorder (disorder), somnambulism, Somnanbulism, sleepwalking disorder |
French | SOMNAMBULISME, Lunatisme, HUMEUR CHANGEANTE, Somnambulisme |
Portuguese | SONAMBULISMO, Lunatismo, LUNATICO, Sonambulismo, Ambulação Durante o Sono, Ambulação Noturna por Sonambulismo |
Spanish | SONAMBULISMO, Lunatismo, ANDAR DORMIDO, caminar dormido, sonambulismo (trastorno), sonambulismo, trastorno de caminar dormido, Sonambulismo, Ambulación Durante el Sueño, Deambulación Nocturna |
German | SOMNAMBULISMUS, Mondsuechtigkeit, MONDSUECHTIGKEIT, SCHLAFWANDELN, Schlafwandeln [Somnambulismus], Nachtwandeln, Noktambulismus, Schlafwandeln, Somnambulismus, Mondsüchtigkeit, Nächtliches Wandern |
Swedish | Sömngång |
Czech | somnambulismus, Chození ve spánku, Somnambulismus, Náměsíčnost, náměsíčnost, lunatismus |
Dutch | somnambulisme, krankzinnigheid, slaapwandelen, somnabulisme, Slaapwandelen [somnambulisme], Slaapwandelen, Somnambulisme |
Italian | Pazzia, Camminare nel sonno, Disturbo da sonnambulismo, Camminare durante il sonno, Sonnambulismo |
Japanese | 睡眠時遊行症, スイミンジユウコウショウ, ムユウショウ, 夢中遊行, 夢遊症, 夢遊, 夢遊病 |
Finnish | Unissakävely |
Russian | SOMNAMBULIZM, СОМНАМБУЛИЗМ |
Korean | 몽유병 |
Polish | Lunatyzm, Somnambulizm, Sennowłóctwo |
Hungarian | Holdkórosság, Alvajárás, Somnambulismus |
Norwegian | Somnambulisme, Søvngjengeri |
Ontology: Sleep Talking (C0542313)
Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
MSH | D020922 |
SnomedCT | 36321004 |
Italian | Parlare nel sonno, Sonniloquismo |
English | Sleep Talking, SLEEP TALKING, Talking, Sleep, sleep talking, sleeptalking, sleep talk, somniloquism, Sleeptalking, Somniloquism, Sleep talking, Sleeptalking (finding) |
Japanese | ねごと, ネゴト |
Czech | mluvení ze spánku, Mluvení ze spánku, Mluvení ve spánku, mluvení ve spánku, somnilogie |
Portuguese | Fala Durante o Sono, SOMNILOQUIO, Soniloquismo, Somnilóquio |
Spanish | Conversación en Sueño, Somnilocuismo, somniloquia (hallazgo), somniloquia, somniloquismo, Somniloquia |
French | Somniloquie, PARLER PENDANT LE SOMMEIL, Somniloquence, Parler pendant le sommeil |
German | Sprechen im Schlaf, Somniloquie |
Dutch | somniloquie, praten in slaap, Praten in de Slaap |
Hungarian | Somniloquia, Somniloquismus |
Norwegian | Snakking i søvne |