II. Epidemiology
- Accounts for 10% of Intrauterine Growth Retardation
- Usually occurs in early gestation
III. Pathophysiology
- Intrauterine Growth Retardation
- Affects both Head and body growth
- Associated with serious neurologic sequelae
IV. Causes
- Severe maternal Malnutrition
- Maternal Anemia
- Multiple Gestation
- Phenylketonuria (mother or child)
- Uncontrolled Severe Asthma
- Chromosomal abnormality
- Trisomy 13
- Trisomy 18
- Trisomy 21
- Congenital malformation
- Dwarf syndromes
- Early infection
- TORCH Virus infection
- Listeria
- Syphilis
- Tuberculosis
-
Teratogen Exposure
- Maternal Tobacco abuse
- Illicit Drug abuse (Heroin, Methadone)
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)
-
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- No amount of Alcohol is safe!
