Lab

Urinalysis

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Urinalysis, Urine examination, Urine Dipstick

  • Method
  1. Multiple reagent test strip
  2. Urine Microscopic Exam
  • Technique
  1. Collection
    1. First morning sample
    2. Midstream, clean catch collection
    3. Minimum volume of 3 ml (1 ml for children)
    4. Analyze within 1-2 hours or refrigerate
  2. Preparation of spun urine for microscopy
    1. Start with 10 ml of midstream urine
    2. Centrifuge for approximately 10 minutes (typically at near 2000 rpm)
      1. Discard supernatant
      2. Suspend sediment in 0.3 ml saline or supernatant
    3. Examine under microscopy at 400x magnification
      1. Review at least 10-20 microscopic fields
  • Labs
  • General Tests
  1. Urine Appearance (Urine Color)
  2. Urine Odor
  3. Urine Specific Gravity
  4. Urine pH
  • Labs
  • Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease Tests
  1. Urine Protein
  2. Urine Blood
    1. Gross Hematuria
    2. Microscopic Hematuria
  1. Urine Leukocyte Esterase
  2. Urine Nitrite
  • Labs
  • Metabolic Disease Tests
  1. Urine Glucose
  2. Urine Ketones
  3. Urine Bilirubin
  4. Urine Urobilinogen
  1. Urine Red Blood Cells
    1. Microscopic Hematuria if 3 RBC/hpf or higher
  2. Urine White Blood Cells
  3. Urine squamous epithelial cells
    1. Suggests vaginal contaminant if >5 squamous epithelial cells/hpf
  4. Urine Bacteria
  5. Urine Casts
  6. Urine Crystals