Disability
Disability
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Disability
, Impairment, Sick Leave
See Also
Impairment Evaluation
Disability Evaluation
Disability Management
Functional Capacity Evaluation
Assistive Technology
Letter of Medical Necessity
Disability Referral
Activities of Daily Living
Failure to Thrive in the Elderly
Elderly Drivers with Cognitive Impairment
Medication Use in the Elderly
(
Beers List
,
STOPP
)
Definitions
Impairment (Objective Physiologic Deficit)
Loss of anatomic, physiologic or psychologic function as defined by medical evaluation
Example:
Lumbar Disc Herniation
Classifications (e.g. intellectual, language, psychological, ocular, visceral, skeletal, generalized, sensory)
See
Impairment Evaluation
Disability (Subjective Functional Deficit)
Activities limited by Impairment (occupation specific)
Example: Difficulty waiting tables
Classifications (e.g. behavior, communication, personal care, locomotion, dexterity, skill)
See
Disability Evaluation
Handicap (Social or Environmental Consequences)
Impairment limits role fulfillment
Example: Wheelchair, van or handicapped access required
Classifications (e.g. Physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration)
Epidemiology
Americans with ongoing disabling condition: 56.7 million (2013)
Severe Disability in 38.3 Million adults and 2.6 Million children
Social security administration Disability benefits
New applications per year: 2.5 Million
Disabled workers with benefits in 2012: 8.8 million
Most common disabilities
Back or spine conditions
Arthritis
Heart conditions
Most common limitations
Inability to walk three city blocks
Inability to climb a flight of stairs
Risk Factors
Groups with disproportionately greater Disability
Minority ethnic group
Elderly
Low socioeconomic group
Children living in poverty
Female headed households
Risk Factors
Predictors of prolonged recovery
Behaviors
Disability out of proportion to diagnosis
Exaggerated pain behavior or history of
Somatization
Family factors
Dysfunctional family
Family History
of prolonged Disability
Comorbid conditions
Substance Abuse
Major Depression
Workplace Difficulties
Occupational dissatisfaction
Difficulties with coworkers
Financial or legal hardships
Evaluation
See
Disability Evaluation
See
Functional Capacity Evaluation
Management
See
Disability Management
See
Assistive Technology
See
Letter of Medical Necessity
See
Disability Referral
References
(1997) Can Med Assoc J 156:680A-C [PubMed]
Barron (2001) Am Fam Physician 64(9): 1579-86 [PubMed]
Derebry (1983) J Occup Med 25:829-35 [PubMed]
Maness (2015) Am Fam Physician 91(2): 102-9 [PubMed]
McGrail (2001) Am Fam Physician 63(4):679-84 [PubMed]
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