Magnesium
Hypomagnesemia
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Hypomagnesemia
, Low Serum Magnesium
Causes
Decreased Intake
Protein calorie
Malnutrition
Starvation
Alcoholism
(
Prevalence
: 30-80% of
Alcohol
ics)
Among the most common causes of Hypomagnesemia in the Emergency Department
Prolonged IV Therapy
Inadequate parenteral supplementation
Decreased Absorption
Malabsorption (e.g.
Celiac Sprue
,
Crohns Disease
)
Small Intestine
absorption
Neonatal gut immaturity
Excessive Gas
trointestinal losses
Prolonged gastric suction
Laxative
s
Intestinal or biliary fistula
Severe
Diarrhea
Excessive Renal Losses
Diuretic
s
Acute Tubular Necrosis
(
Diuretic
phase)
Acute Renal Failure
diuresis
Primary
Aldosteronism
Hypercalcemia
Renal Tubular Acidosis
(RTA)
Idiopathic renal wasting
Chronic Renal Failure
with wasting
Miscellaneous Causes
Idiopathic
Acute Pancreatitis
Porphyria with
SIADH
Multiple transfusions with citrated blood
Endocrine
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Poorly controlled
Diabetes Mellitus
and
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hyperaldosteronism
Medications
Cisplatin
Cyclosporin
Gentamycin
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Symptoms
Loss of appetite
Nausea
or
Vomiting
Fatigue
Weakness
Vertigo
Dysphagia
Parasthesias
Signs
Seizure
s
Muscle cramps to
Tetany
Chvostek's Sign
s
Vertical Nystagmus
Arrhythmia
s
Management
See
Magnesium Replacement
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