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Anticholinergic Medication
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Anticholinergic Medication
, Anticholinergic Agent, Muscarinic Antagonist, Nicotinic Antagonist
See Also
Anticholinergic Toxicity
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Mechanism
Muscarinic Antagonists
M1, M4, M5 Receptor Antagonist (CNS Effects)
Altered Mental Status
M2 Receptor Antagonist (Cardiac Effects)
Increased AV Nodal Conduction (
Tachycardia
,
Arrhythmia
s)
M3 Receptor Antagonist (
Smooth Muscle
and Exocrine Glands)
Decreased gastrointestinal motility
Decreased
Saliva
tion
Decreased
Bladder
contractions and increased
Urethra
l sphincter tone
Bronchodilation and decreased
Bronchi
al secretions
Mydriasis
Decreased Sweating
Mechanism
Nicotinic Antagonists
Ganglion
ic Blocking Agents (act at
Autonomic Nervous System
)
Sympathetic effects
Vasodilation
Parasympathetic effects
Mydriasis
Decreased gastrointestinal motility and
Constipation
Tachycardia
Urinary Retention
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (act at neuromuscular junction)
Acetylcholine Competitive Receptor Antagonists (
Vecuronium
,
Rocuronium
)
Inhibited
Muscle Contraction
(
Muscle
relaxation, paralysis)
Depolarizing Antagonists (
Succinylcholine
)
Transient
Muscle
fasciculations and contractions, followed by paralysis
Complications
See
Anticholinergic Toxicity
Altered Level of Consciousness
(esp. elderly)
Delirium
or confusion (may mimic
Dementia
)
Memory
Impairment
Delirium
Obtundation
Preparations
Muscarinic
Anticholinergic
effects (most
Anticholinergic
first)
Atropine
(100% of maximal
Anticholinergic
effect)
Scopolamine
Tolterodine
Hyoscyamine
Cholinergic
Parkinsonism
agents
Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine
Prednisone
(55%)
Diphenhydramine
(
Benadryl
)
Amitriptyline
(
Elavil
)
Digoxin
Nifedipine
Phenobarbital
Oxybutynin
(20%)
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Hydroxyzine
Warfarin
Dipyridamole
Codeine
Ranitidine
(10%)
Dyazide
Furosemide
(
Lasix
)
Nortriptyline
(3%)
Resources
Pharmacorama
https://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Acetylcholine_5_2.php
Amboss
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Muscarinic_antagonists
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