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Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin

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Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin, Penicillinase-Resistant Semisynthetic Penicillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

  • See Also
  1. Penicillin
  • Indications
  1. Staphylococcus Infection
    1. Staphylococcus aureus
    2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
  2. Specific Infections
    1. Skin Infection
    2. Soft tissue infection
    3. Lymphatic infection
    4. Bone infection
    5. Joint infection
  • Mechanism
  1. Same action to Natural Penicillins
  2. Prevents Penicillinase hydrolysis of Beta lactam ring
  • Mechanism
  • Bacterial Resistance mechanisms
  1. Alteration of Bacterial cell wall
  • Mechanism
  • Activity Spectrum
  1. Same as for Natural Penicillins
  • Preparations
  • Oral
  1. Directions
    1. Take on an empty Stomach
    2. Take more than 1 hour before or two hours after food
  2. Cloxacillin (Cloxapen) 250-500 mg PO qid
  3. Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
    1. Adult: 125 to 500 mg PO qid
    2. Child: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day PO divided qid
  • Preparations
  • Parenteral
  1. Methicillin (Staphcillin)
  2. Nafcillin (Nafcil, Unipen)
    1. Adult: 1 to 2 grams IM or IV every 4 hours
    2. Child: 50 to 200 mg/kg/day divided every 4 to 6 hours
  3. Oxacillin (Bactocill)
    1. Adult: 1 to 2 grams IM or IV every 4 to 6 hours
  • Adverse effects
  1. Nephritis (Methicillin)
  2. Venous inflammation (Nafcillin)