EKG
Bradycardia
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Bradycardia
, Bradyarrhythmia
See Also
Unstable Bradycardia
Causes
Primary
See
Drug Induced Bradycardia
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus
Arrhythmia
Sinoatrial Node Block
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Atrioventricular Block
Causes
Secondary
Approach - simplified top secondary causes to consider in
Symptomatic Bradycardia
(esp. wide complex Bradycardia)
Electrolyte
s (
Hyperkalemia
,
Hypercalcemia
)
Myocardial Ischemia
Hypothermia
Drug Induced Bradycardia
(typically with
Hypotension
)
Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
Beta Blocker Overdose
Digoxin
Overdose
Clonidine Overdose
Electrolyte
disturbance
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Important cause of Bradycardia that should not be missed
Associated with short
P Wave
s and
Tall T Wave
s
BRASH Syndrome
Bradycardia
Renal Failure
AV Block
er (e.g.
Beta Blocker
or
Calcium Channel Blocker
)
Shock
(out of proportion to degree of
Hyperkalemia
, requires fluid
Resuscitation
and possible pressors)
Hyperkalemia
References
EMCrit (Josh Farkas, MD)
https://emcrit.org/pulmcrit/brash-syndrome-bradycardia-renal-failure-av-blocker-shock-hyperkalemia/
Intracranial cause (
Cushing's Reflex
or dive reflex)
Neurogenic Shock
Increased Intracranial Pressure
(e.g.
Head Injury
)
Acute ingestions or
Poisoning
s
Opioid Overdose
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate
(GHB)
Ciguatera Poisoning
Muscarinic
Cholinergic Toxicity
Lead Poisoning
Other conditions
Hypothyroidism
Obstructive Jaundice
Severe
Anorexia
or starvation
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Infections
Salmonella typhi
Acute
Lassa Fever
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